{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T12:08:18Z","timestamp":1791979698229,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]],"date-time":"2022-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","award":["2018R1A6A1A03025124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018R1A6A1A03025124"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","award":["2020R1A2C1008699"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1A2C1008699"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Obesity is closely linked to chronic inflammation in peripheral organs and the hypothalamus. Chronic consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) induces the differentiation of Ly6chigh monocytes into macrophages in adipose tissue, the liver, and the brain, as well as the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Although cinnamon improves obesity and related diseases, it is unclear which components of cinnamon can affect macrophages and inflammatory cytokines. We performed in silico analyses using ADME, drug-likeness, and molecular docking simulations to predict the active compounds of cinnamon. Among the 82 active compounds of cinnamon, cinnamic acid (CA) showed the highest score of ADME, blood\u2013brain barrier permeability, drug-likeness, and cytokine binding. We then investigated whether CA modulates obesity-induced metabolic profiles and macrophage-related inflammatory responses in HFD-fed mice. While HFD feeding induced obesity, CA ameliorated obesity and related symptoms, such as epididymal fat gain, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia, without hepatic and renal toxicity. CA also improved HFD-induced tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1, fat deposition, and macrophage infiltration in the liver and adipose tissue. CA decreased Ly6chigh monocytes, adipose tissue M1 macrophages, and hypothalamic microglial activation. These results suggest that CA attenuates the peripheral and hypothalamic inflammatory monocytes\/macrophage system and treats obesity-related metabolic disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14081675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]],"date-time":"2022-08-11T21:15:05Z","timestamp":1660252505000},"page":"1675","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Cinnamic Acid Attenuates Peripheral and Hypothalamic Inflammation in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Aden Geonhee","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Phillips Exeter Academy, Exeter, NH 03833, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sora","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suyeol","family":"Im","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7424-3484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youngmi Kim","family":"Pak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"4672","article-title":"Effects of hereditary moderate high fat diet on metabolic performance and physical endurance capacity in C57BL\/6 offspring","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. 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