{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T03:29:57Z","timestamp":1791430197766,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]],"date-time":"2022-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"PRO-IMPLANT Foundation"},{"name":"the Open Access Publication Fund of Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin and the German Research Foundation (DFG)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>State-of-the-art treatment of root canal infection includes the use of mechanical debridement and chemical agents. This disinfection method is limited, and microorganisms can remain in the canal system. Enterococcus faecalis appears with a high prevalence in secondary and persistent root canal infections and can be linked to endodontic treatment failure due to its various resistance mechanisms. Here, we evaluated the activity of newly isolated bacteriophages against clinical isolates of E. faecalis (including one vancomycin- and gentamicin-resistant strain) as a single treatment or in combination with gentamicin and vancomycin. For the resistant strain, daptomycin and fosfomycin were tested. Sixteen E. faecalis strains were used to screen for the presence of bacteriophages in sewage. Five different bacteriophages were characterized in terms of virion morphology, host range and killing-kinetics against each E. faecalis host strain. To investigate the antibiofilm effect of antibiotic and phages, E. faecalis biofilm was grown on porous glass beads and treated with different antibiotic concentrations and with isolated bacteriophages alone or in staggered combinations. A strong biofilm reduction was observed when phages were combined with antibiotic, where combinations with gentamicin showed a better outcome compared to vancomycin. Regarding the resistant strain, daptomycin had a superior antibiofilm effect than fosfomycin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14091779","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T02:04:32Z","timestamp":1661479472000},"page":"1779","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["In Vitro Evaluation of Five Newly Isolated Bacteriophages against E. faecalis Biofilm for Their Potential Use against Post-Treatment Apical Periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Marie","family":"Voit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Centre for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Berlin Institute of Health at Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charit\u00e9platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5219-2521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrej","family":"Trampuz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Centre for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Berlin Institute of Health at Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charit\u00e9platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3586-6544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mercedes","family":"Gonzalez Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Centre for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Berlin Institute of Health at Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charit\u00e9platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"475","article-title":"Influence on periapical tissues of indigenous oral bacteria and necrotic pulp tissue in monkeys","volume":"89","author":"Fabricius","year":"1981","journal-title":"Scand. 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