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This study provides a concise review of the potential application of graphene materials in caries and periodontal disease management. Pristine or functionalized graphene and its derivatives exhibit favorable physicochemical, mechanical, and morphological properties applicable to biomedical applications. They can be activated and functionalized with metal and metal nanoparticles, polymers, and other small molecules to exhibit multi-differentiation activities, antimicrobial activities, and biocompatibility. They were investigated in preventive dentistry and regenerative dentistry. Graphene materials such as graphene oxide inhibit cariogenic microbes such as Streptococcus mutans. They also inhibit periodontal pathogens that are responsible for periodontitis and root canal infection. Graphene-fluorine promotes enamel and dentin mineralization. These materials were also broadly studied in regenerative dental research, such as dental hard and soft tissue regeneration, as well as periodontal tissue and bone regeneration. Graphene oxide-based materials, such as graphene oxide-fibroin, were reported as promising in tissue engineering for their biocompatibility, bioactivity, and ability to enhance cell proliferation properties in periodontal ligament stem cells. Laboratory research showed that graphene can be used exclusively or by incorporating it into existing dental materials. The success of laboratory studies can translate the application of graphene into clinical use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14101997","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T05:33:14Z","timestamp":1663824794000},"page":"1997","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["In Vitro Studies of Graphene for Management of Dental Caries and Periodontal Disease: A Concise Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6041-1907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed Zahedul Islam","family":"Nizami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1167-2999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iris Xiaoxue","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5320-2373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christie Ying Kei","family":"Lung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3471-180X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John Yun","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7745-257X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"May Lei","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8167-0430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun Hung","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1021\/cr900070d","article-title":"Honeycomb carbon: A review of graphene","volume":"110","author":"Allen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. 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