{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T15:06:55Z","timestamp":1764688015209,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]],"date-time":"2022-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Manchester Institute for Collaborative Research on Ageing (MICRA) Seedcorn Award"},{"name":"Tommy\u2019s the Baby Charity, an Action Research Endowment Fund"},{"name":"Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, and the Greater Manchester Comprehensive Local Research Network"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A significant number of patients with severe cardiovascular disease, undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), present with hypertension. While internal mammary arteries (IMAs) may be a better alternative to vein grafts, their impaired vasodilator function affects their patency. Our objectives were to (1) determine if inhibition of the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP1B1, using liposome-encapsulated 2,3\u2032,4,5\u2032-tetramethoxystilbene (TMS), can potentiate vasodilation of IMAs from CABG patients, and (2) assess mechanisms involved using coronary arteries from normal rats, in an ex vivo model of hypertension. PEGylated liposomes were synthesized and loaded with TMS (mean diameter 141 \u00b1 0.9 nm). Liposomal delivery of TMS improved its bioavailability Compared to TMS solution (0.129 \u00b1 0.02 ng\/mL vs. 0.086 \u00b1 0.01 ng\/mL at 4 h; p &lt; 0.05). TMS-loaded liposomes alleviated attenuated endothelial-dependent acetylcholine (ACh)-induced dilation in diseased IMAs (@ACh 10\u22124 M: 56.9 \u00b1 5.1%; n = 8 vs. 12.7 \u00b1 7.8%; n = 6; p &lt; 0.01) for TMS-loaded liposomes vs. blank liposomes, respectively. The alleviation in dilation may be due to the potent inhibition of CYP1B1 by TMS, and subsequent reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) moieties and stimulation of nitric oxide synthesis. In isolated rat coronary arteries exposed to a hypertensive environment, TMS-loaded liposomes potentiated nitric oxide and endothelium-derived hyperpolarization pathways via AMPK. Our findings are promising for the future development of TMS-loaded liposomes as a promising therapeutic strategy to enhance TMS bioavailability and potentiate vasodilator function in hypertension, with relevance for early and long-term treatment of CABG patients, via the sustained and localized TMS release within IMAs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14102046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T03:30:37Z","timestamp":1664335837000},"page":"2046","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Internal Mammary Arteries as a Model to Demonstrate Restoration of the Impaired Vasodilation in Hypertension, Using Liposomal Delivery of the CYP1B1 Inhibitor, 2,3\u2032,4,5\u2032-Tetramethoxystilbene"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8551-956X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azziza","family":"Zaabalawi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lewis","family":"Renshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"},{"name":"Maternal & Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK"},{"name":"Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6430-1203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frances","family":"Beards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"},{"name":"Maternal & Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK"},{"name":"Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1501-7879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam P.","family":"Lightfoot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AP, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7399-4841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans","family":"Degens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK"},{"name":"Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7151-8649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yvonne","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ragheb","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haris","family":"Bilal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brigitte A.","family":"Graf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BG, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7709-5202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lynda K.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"},{"name":"Maternal & Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK"},{"name":"Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6238-9777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"May","family":"Azzawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Brown, J.C., Gerhardt, T.E., and Kwon, E. (2021). Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease. StatPearls, Available online: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK554410\/."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1038\/s41371-021-00494-8","article-title":"Intensive blood pressure treatment in coronary artery disease: Implications from the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT)","volume":"36","author":"Zang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hum. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319720987752","article-title":"Endothelial Dysfunction and Its Clinical Implications","volume":"72","author":"Poredos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15491","article-title":"Endothelial Nitric Oxide Suppresses Action-Potential-Like Transient Spikes and Vasospasm in Small Resistance Arteries","volume":"76","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-014-6510-4","article-title":"Cytochrome P450 1B1 contributes to increased blood pressure and cardiovascular and renal dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"28","author":"Jennings","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1891","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00655.2010","article-title":"2,3\u2032,4,5\u2032-Tetramethoxystilbene prevents deoxycorticosterone-salt-induced hypertension: Contribution of cytochrome P-450 1B1","volume":"299","author":"Jennings","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2016.04.005","article-title":"Cytochrome P450 1B1 Contributes to the Development of Angiotensin II\u2013Induced Aortic Aneurysm in Male Apoe\u2212\/\u2212 Mice","volume":"186","author":"Thirunavukkarasu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prostaglandins.2011.12.003","article-title":"Contribution of cytochrome P450 1B1 to hypertension and associated pathophysiology: A novel target for antihypertensive agents","volume":"98","author":"Malik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"Iii-296","article-title":"Difference in Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor\u2013Mediated Hyperpolarization and Nitric Oxide Release between Human Internal Mammary Artery and Saphenous Vein","volume":"102","author":"Liu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(01)03053-3","article-title":"Comparison of endothelium-dependent vasoactivity of internal mammary arteries from hypertensive, hypercholesterolemic, and diabetic patients","volume":"72","author":"Pompilio","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000047278.28407.C2","article-title":"Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor in Human Internal Mammary Artery Is 11,12-Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acid and Causes Relaxation by Activating Smooth Muscle BKCa Channels","volume":"107","author":"Archer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1097\/MCA.0000000000000097","article-title":"Endothelium-dependent vasoactivity of the human internal mammary artery","volume":"25","author":"Fonseca","year":"2014","journal-title":"Coron. Artery Dis."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.12.007","article-title":"Suboptimal Medical Therapy After Coronary Revascularization","volume":"71","author":"Ruel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nawaz, W., Zhou, Z., Deng, S., Ma, X., Ma, X., Li, C., and Shu, X. (2017). Therapeutic Versatility of Resveratrol Derivatives. Nutrients, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9111188"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8840692","article-title":"Resveratrol Derivative, Trans-3,5,4\u2032-Trimethoxystilbene Sensitizes Osteosarcoma Cells to Apoptosis via ROS-Induced Caspases Activation","volume":"2021","author":"Feng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4887","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-15-2722","article-title":"(Z)-3,5,4\u2032-Trimethoxystilbene Limits Hepatitis C and Cancer Pathophysiology by Blocking Microtubule Dynamics and Cell-Cycle Progression","volume":"76","author":"Nguyen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almeida, B., Nag, O., Rogers, K., and Delehanty, J. (2020). Recent Progress in Bioconjugation Strategies for Liposome-Mediated Drug Delivery. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25235672"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zaabalawi, A., Astley, C., Renshall, L., Beards, F., Lightfoot, A., Degens, H., Whitehead, D., Alexander, Y., Harris, L., and Azzawi, M. (2019). Tetramethoxystilbene-Loaded Liposomes Restore Reactive-Oxygen-Species-Mediated Attenuation of Dilator Responses in Rat Aortic Vessels Ex vivo. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24234360"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1600349","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1600349","article-title":"Tumor-homing peptides as tools for targeted delivery of payloads to the placenta","volume":"2","author":"King","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.4161\/oxim.3.3.11757","article-title":"Role of Gender, Smoking Profile, Hypertension, and Diabetes on Saphenous Vein and Internal Mammary Artery Endothelial Relaxation in Patients with Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting","volume":"3","author":"Muir","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Astley, C., Houacine, C., Zaabalawi, A., Wilkinson, F., Lightfoot, A., Alexander, Y., Whitehead, D., Singh, K., and Azzawi, M. (2021). Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Deliver Resveratrol, Restoring Attenuated Dilation in Small Coronary Arteries, via the AMPK Pathway. Biomedicines, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9121852"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2018.7583","article-title":"Vascular Biology of Superoxide-Generating NADPH Oxidase 5\u2014Implications in Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"30","author":"Touyz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvn287","article-title":"Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition directly increases human vascular reactivity to norepinephrine during acute inflammation","volume":"81","author":"Foudi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.17.9.1644","article-title":"Induction of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Human Saphenous Vein and Internal Mammary Artery","volume":"17","author":"Pepper","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2006.05.003","article-title":"Acetylcholine stimulated dilatation and stretch induced myogenic constriction in mesenteric artery of rats with chronic heart failure","volume":"9","author":"Xu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prostaglandins.2015.03.002","article-title":"Vascular actions of 20-HETE","volume":"120","author":"Hoopes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"103","article-title":"In Vitro Effects of Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition by L-NAME on Human Internal Mammary Arteries Rings","volume":"19","author":"Savoui","year":"2009","journal-title":"Studia Univ."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3723","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612826666200417150121","article-title":"The Obligatory Role of the Acetylcholine-Induced Endothelium-Dependent Contraction in Hypertension: Can Arachidonic Acid Resolve this Inflammation","volume":"26","author":"Edwards","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1039\/c3md00317e","article-title":"3,4,2\u2032-Trimethoxy-trans-stilbene\u2014A potent CYP1B1 inhibitor","volume":"5","author":"Mikstacka","year":"2014","journal-title":"MedChemComm"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.00687","article-title":"Nanoparticle-Mediated Drug Delivery for Treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease","volume":"8","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Glukhova, O. (2020). Liposome Drug Delivery System across Endothelial Plasma Membrane: Role of Distance between Endothelial Cells and Blood Flow Rate. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25081875"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21719","article-title":"Targeting of angiogenic endothelial cells at sites of inflammation by dexamethasone phosphate\u2013containing RGD peptide liposomes inhibits experimental arthritis","volume":"54","author":"Koning","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13377","article-title":"Nitric oxide and endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization mediated by hydrogen peroxide in health and disease","volume":"127","author":"Shimokawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00199","DOI":"10.1002\/phy2.199","article-title":"Characterization of blood pressure and endothelial function in TRPV4-deficient mice with l-NAME- and angiotensin II-induced hypertension","volume":"2","author":"Nishijima","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physiol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705774","article-title":"Red wine polyphenols induce EDHF-mediated relaxations in porcine coronary arteries through the redox-sensitive activation of the PI3-kinase\/Akt pathway","volume":"142","author":"Ndiaye","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3746","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15863","article-title":"AMPK, metabolism, and vascular function","volume":"288","author":"Contreras","year":"2021","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1159\/000354516","article-title":"Dietary Curcumin Ameliorates Aging-Related Cerebrovascular Dysfunction through the AMPK\/Uncoupling Protein 2 Pathway","volume":"32","author":"Pu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-019-0212-z","article-title":"Metformin prevents vascular damage in hypertension through the AMPK\/ER stress pathway","volume":"42","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hypertens. Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27628","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M805711200","article-title":"SIRT1 modulation of the acetylation status, cytosolic localization, and activity of LKB1. Possible role in AMP-activated protein kinase activation","volume":"283","author":"Lan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.04.003","article-title":"SIRT1 Is Required for AMPK Activation and the Beneficial Effects of Resveratrol on Mitochondrial Function","volume":"15","author":"Price","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.114.303735","article-title":"Endothelial AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Regulates Blood Pressure and Coronary Flow Responses Through Hyperpolarization Mechanism in Mice","volume":"34","author":"Enkhjargal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00150","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.150","article-title":"Reduced activity of SKCa and Na-K ATPase underlies the accelerated impairment of EDH -type relaxations in mesenteric arteries of aging spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"3","author":"Kong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res. Perspect."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.05514","article-title":"AMPK Dilates Resistance Arteries via Activation of SERCA and BKCa Channels in Smooth Muscle","volume":"66","author":"Schneider","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2011.05509.x","article-title":"Chronic activation of AMP-activated protein kinase prevents 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid-induced endothelial dysfunction","volume":"38","author":"Ward","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02057","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.02057","article-title":"Resveratrol modulates the inflammatory response via an estrogen receptor-signal integration network","volume":"3","author":"Nwachukwu","year":"2014","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piazzini, V., Landucci, E., Graverini, G., Pellegrini-Giampietro, D., Bilia, A., and Bergonzi, M. (2018). Stealth and Cationic Nanoliposomes as Drug Delivery Systems to Increase Andrographolide BBB Permeability. Pharmaceutics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics10030128"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3715","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.19678","article-title":"Selective Targeting of a Novel Vasodilator to the Uterine Vasculature to Treat Impaired Uteroplacental Perfusion in Pregnancy","volume":"7","author":"Cureton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-018-2728-6","article-title":"Insight into Cellular Uptake, and Intracellular Trafficking of Nanoparticles","volume":"13","author":"Foroozandeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nanoscale Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.6b00172","article-title":"Drug Delivery via Cell Membrane Fusion Using Lipopeptide Modified Liposomes","volume":"2","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Cent. Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2020.111193","article-title":"Cell membrane fusing liposomes for cytoplasmic delivery in brain endothelial cells","volume":"194","author":"Farid","year":"2020","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"}],"container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4923\/14\/10\/2046\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:39:32Z","timestamp":1760143172000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4923\/14\/10\/2046"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["pharmaceutics14102046"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics14102046","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4923"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1999-4923"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]]}}}