{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T16:01:29Z","timestamp":1783526489193,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Institute of Electrics, Shizuoka University, and the Research Center for Biomedical Engineering","award":["2021-No. 2033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-No. 2033"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Calcium-deficient zinc-containing calcium phosphate (ZnAP), which has sustained zinc release properties that are effective for treating osteoporosis, can be efficiently synthesized as a biomaterial through wet grinding. To elucidate the physicochemical mechanism of these mechanochemical syntheses, ground products were obtained from the starting material powder (S-CP), consisting of calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (CHPD), calcium oxide (CaO), and zinc oxide (ZnO), by wet and dry grinding for 0\u20133 h in a centrifugal ball mill. The ground S-CP products were analyzed using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS); the crystal transformations and molecular interactions of the ground products were kinetically analyzed. The XRD and second-derivative NIRS results indicate that the S-CP is primarily transformed into ZnAP via amorphous solid formation in wet grinding, and the reaction follows a consecutive reaction model. In contrast, in dry grinding, the ground product of CHPD and CaO is transformed into an amorphous solid following an equilibrium reaction model; however, ZnO is predominantly not transformed and remains crystalline.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14102105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T01:21:07Z","timestamp":1665364867000},"page":"2105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Analytical Evaluation of Wet and Dry Mechanochemical Syntheses of Calcium-Deficient Hydroxyapatite Containing Zinc Using X-ray Diffractometry and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Makoto","family":"Otsuka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8011, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanae","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishi-Tokyo, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3922-3098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tetsuo","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Medical Photonics, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8011, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1080\/03639045.2020.1776321","article-title":"Hydroxyapatite as a biomaterial\u2014A gift that keeps on giving","volume":"46","author":"Ghiasi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Dev. 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