{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T18:37:15Z","timestamp":1790361435098,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Glioblastoma is an incurable cancer with a 5-year survival chance of less than 5%. Chemotherapy is a therapeutic approach to treating the disease; however, due to the presence of the blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB), the probability of success is low. To overcome this issue, nanoparticles are promising carriers for crossing the BBB and delivering drugs to the tumor. In this study, the anticancer efficacy of doxorubicin (DOX) and carboplatin (CB) loaded into polyethylene glycol (PEG)ylated liposome nanoparticles (PEG-Lip) and in treating brain cancer was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The results demonstrated that PEG-Lip-DOX\/CB with a size of 212 \u00b1 10 nm was synthesized that could release the loaded drugs in a controlled manner, from which 56.3% of the loaded drugs were released after 52 h. In addition, PEG-Lip-DOX\/CB could significantly increase the cytotoxicity effects of the drugs against rat glioma C6 cells (IC50: 8.7 and 12.9 \u00b5M for the drugs-loaded nanoparticles and DOX + CB, respectively). The in vivo results also demonstrated that PEGylated liposomes, compared to non-PEGylated liposomes (Lip) and DOX + CB, were more efficient in increasing the therapeutic effects and decreasing the side effects of the drugs, in which the survival times of the glioblastoma-bearing rats were 39, 35, and 30 days in the PEG-Lip-DOX\/CB, Lip-DOX\/CB, and DOX + CB receiver groups, respectively. In addition, the weight loss was found to be 8.7, 10.5, and 13%, respectively, in the groups. The results of the toxicity evaluation were also confirmed by histopathological studies. Overall, the results of this study demonstrated that the encapsulation of DOX and CB into PEG-Lip is a promising approach to improving the properties of DOX and CB in terms of their therapeutic effects and drug side effects for the treatment of glioblastoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14102183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T22:21:11Z","timestamp":1665699671000},"page":"2183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Impact of PEGylated Liposomal Doxorubicin and Carboplatin Combination on Glioblastoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Ghaferi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan 7717933777, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aun","family":"Raza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maedeh","family":"Koohi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan 7717933777, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Warda","family":"Zahra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Nishtar Medical University and Hospital, Multan 60000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azim","family":"Akbarzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pilot Nanobiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5222-3829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasan","family":"Ebrahimi Shahmabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan 7717933777, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4009-4921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed Ebrahim","family":"Alavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan 7717933777, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2021.01.012","article-title":"Frontiers in the treatment of glioblastoma: Past, present and emerging","volume":"171","author":"Janjua","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. 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