{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T16:07:59Z","timestamp":1785773279162,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nanomedicine is a potential provider of novel therapeutic and diagnostic routes of treatment. Considering the development of multidrug resistance in pathogenic bacteria and the commonness of cancer, novel approaches are being sought for the safe and efficient synthesis of new nanoparticles, which have multifaceted applications in medicine. Unfortunately, the chemical synthesis of nanoparticles raises justified environmental concerns. A significant problem in their widespread use is also the toxicity of compounds that maintain nanoparticle stability, which significantly limits their clinical use. An opportunity for their more extensive application is the utilization of plants, fungi, and bacteria for nanoparticle biosynthesis. Extracts from natural sources can reduce metal ions in nanoparticles and stabilize them with non-toxic extract components.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14112286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]],"date-time":"2022-10-26T05:11:33Z","timestamp":1666761093000},"page":"2286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Biosynthesized Gold, Silver, Palladium, Platinum, Copper, and Other Transition Metal Nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9180-5901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Roszczenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3719-6583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga Klaudia","family":"Szewczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7148-6111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Czarnomysy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Bielawski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Bielawska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.202000983","article-title":"Preparing (Metalla)carboranes for Nanomedicine","volume":"16","author":"Gozzi","year":"2021","journal-title":"ChemMedChem"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1210","DOI":"10.1080\/21691401.2018.1449118","article-title":"Role of gold and silver nanoparticles in cancer","volume":"46","author":"Chugh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Artif. Cells Nanomed. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00449-017-1846-3","article-title":"Fungi-assisted silver nanoparticle synthesis and their applications","volume":"41","author":"Khan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioprocess Biosyst. Eng."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Czarnomysy, R., Radomska, D., Szewczyk, O.K., Roszczenko, P., and Bielawski, K. (2021). Platinum and palladium complexes as promising sources for antitumor treatments. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22158271"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000725","article-title":"Alternatives to Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents","volume":"56","author":"Tweedle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Investig. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-14131-z","article-title":"Blood-triggered generation of platinum nanoparticle functions as an anti-cancer agent","volume":"11","author":"Zeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaax7946","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aax7946","article-title":"Synthetic networks with tunable responsiveness, biodegradation, and molecular recognition for precision medicine applications","volume":"5","author":"Clegg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2020.10.008","article-title":"Vanadium pentoxide nanoparticle mediated perturbations in cellular redox balance and the paradigm of autophagy to apoptosis","volume":"161","author":"Suma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szewczyk, O.K., Roszczenko, P., Czarnomysy, R., Bielawska, A., and Bielawski, K. (2022). An Overview of the Importance of Transition-Metal Nanoparticles in Cancer Research. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23126688"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1038\/cgt.2017.16","article-title":"New methods in the diagnosis of cancer and gene therapy of cancer based on nanoparticles","volume":"24","author":"Zaimy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Ferlay, J., Ervik, M., Lam, F., Colombet, M., and Mery, L. (2022, February 10). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available online: https:\/\/gco.iarc.fr\/today."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-021-03070-x","article-title":"Nanoparticles as therapeutic options for treating multidrug-resistant bacteria: Research progress, challenges, and prospects","volume":"37","author":"Mba","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864.e7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2021.07.013","article-title":"The safety and efficacy of transarterial chemoembolisation with bleomycin for hepatocellular carcinoma unresponsive to doxorubicin: A prospective single-centre study","volume":"76","author":"Fu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2020.07.020","article-title":"Bacteria and bacterial anticancer agents as a promising alternative for cancer therapeutics","volume":"177","author":"Baindara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-020-0090-8","article-title":"Engineering precision nanoparticles for drug delivery","volume":"20","author":"Mitchell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000893","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202000893","article-title":"Bacteria-Derived Nanoparticles: Multifunctional Containers for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16891","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.9b02113","article-title":"Gold Nanoparticles on 3D-Printed Filters: From Waste to Catalysts","volume":"4","author":"Lahtinen","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2020.111918","article-title":"A critical review on silver nanoparticles: From synthesis and applications to its mitigation through low-cost adsorption by biochar","volume":"281","author":"Islam","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3189043","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/3189043","article-title":"A review on synthesis, optimization, mechanism, characterization, and antibacterial application of silver nanoparticles synthesized from plants","volume":"2020","author":"Akintelu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.2014.950564","article-title":"The importance of nanoparticle shape in cancer drug delivery","volume":"12","author":"Truong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00c7apan, Y., Sahin, A., and Tonbul, H. (2022). Drug Delivery with Targeted Nanoparticles: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation Methods, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003164739"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2021.102243","article-title":"Green and facile synthesis of gold\/perlite nanocomposite using Allium Fistulosum L. for photothermal application","volume":"34","author":"Jafarirad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2737","DOI":"10.1080\/21691401.2019.1629952","article-title":"Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using a Cordyceps militaris extract and their antiproliferative effect in liver cancer cells (HepG2)","volume":"47","author":"Ji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Artif. Cells Nanomed. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2021.1921079","article-title":"Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles from Dendrobium officinale and its anticancer effect on liver cancer","volume":"28","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bharadwaj, K.K., Rabha, B., Pati, S., Sarkar, T., Choudhury, B.K., Barman, A., Bhattacharjya, D., Srivastava, A., Baishya, D., and Edinur, H.A. (2021). Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using plant extracts as beneficial prospect for cancer theranostics. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26216389"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2018.07.053","article-title":"Biomimetic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Matricaria chamomilla extract and their potential anticancer activity against human lung cancer cells","volume":"92","author":"Dadashpour","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2017.12.042","article-title":"Cytotoxic effects of platinum nanoparticles obtained from pomegranate extract by the green synthesis method on the MCF-7 cell line","volume":"163","author":"Demir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Colloids Surfaces B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1080\/21691401.2021.1926275","article-title":"Biogenesis of copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) using leaf extract of Allium noeanum, antioxidant and in-vitro cytotoxicity","volume":"49","author":"Chinnathambi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Artif. Cell Nanomed. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fahmy, S.A., Preis, E., and Azzazy, H.M.E.-S. (2020). Palladium Nanoparticles Fabricated by Green Chemistry: Promising Chemotherapeutic, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Agents. Materials, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13173661"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2018.11.050","article-title":"Green synthesis and characterization of bioinspired silver, gold and platinum nanoparticles and evaluation of their synergistic antibacterial activity after combining with different classes of antibiotics","volume":"96","author":"Nishanthi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2018.02.010","article-title":"Green synthesis of copper nanoparticles by fruit extract of Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Willd.: Application for adsorption of triphenylmethane dye and antibacterial assay","volume":"255","author":"Khani","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1080\/10826068.2019.1706559","article-title":"Psychrotolerant Antarctic bacteria biosynthesize gold nanoparticles active against sulphate reducing bacteria","volume":"50","author":"Das","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prep. Biochem. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3791","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S251174","article-title":"A potent and safer anticancer and antibacterial taxus-based green synthesized silver nanoparticle","volume":"15","author":"Sarli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.037","article-title":"Chitosan mediated gold nanoparticles against pathogenic bacteria, fungal strains and MCF-7 cancer cells","volume":"146","author":"Kalaivani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5187","DOI":"10.1039\/D1AY01532J","article-title":"Development of a new highly sensitive serotonin sensor based on green synthesized silver nanoparticle decorated reduced graphene oxide","volume":"13","author":"Moslah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128358","article-title":"Efficient recovery of palladium nanoparticles from industrial wastewater and their catalytic activity toward reduction of 4-nitrophenol","volume":"262","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2016.09.027","article-title":"Green synthesis of palladium nanoparticles mediated by black tea leaves (Camellia sinensis) extract: Catalytic activity in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction under ligand-free conditions","volume":"485","author":"Lebaschi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.107","article-title":"Hibiscus Rosasinensis L. aqueous extract-assisted valorization of lignin: Preparation of magnetically reusable Pd NPs@Fe3O4-lignin for Cr(VI) reduction and Suzuki-Miyaura reaction in eco-friendly media","volume":"148","author":"Nasrollahzadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rafi Shaik, M., Ali, Z.J.Q., Khan, M., Kuniyil, M., Assal, M.E., Alkhathlan, H.Z., Al-Warthan, A., Siddiqui, M.R.H., Khan, M., and Adil, S.F. (2017). Green synthesis and characterization of palladium nanoparticles using Origanum vulgare L. extract and their catalytic activity. Molecules, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22010165"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2019.05.272","article-title":"Green synthesis of Ni@Fe3O4 and CuO nanoparticles using Euphorbia maculata extract as photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants under UV-irradiation","volume":"45","author":"Pakzad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s13204-014-0336-z","article-title":"Anticancer studies of the synthesized gold nanoparticles against MCF 7 breast cancer cell lines","volume":"5","author":"Iyer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Nanosci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rizwan, K., Khan, S.A., Ahmad, I., Rasool, N., Ibrahim, M., Zubair, M., Jaafar, H.Z.E., and Manea, R. (2019). A Comprehensive Review on Chemical and Pharmacological Potential of Viola betonicifolia: A plant with multiple benefits. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24173138"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7319","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S323524","article-title":"Green synthesized gold nanoparticles using viola betonicifolia leaves extract: Characterization, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytobiocompatible activities","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2088","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6664","article-title":"Ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological updates on Peppermint (Mentha \u00d7 piperita L.)-A review","volume":"34","author":"Mahendran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2017.03.282","article-title":"Biosynthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles: Kinetics, in vitro and in vivo study","volume":"78","author":"Ahmad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salehi, B., Venditti, A., Sharifi-Rad, M., Kr\u0119giel, D., Sharifi-Rad, J., Durazzo, A., Lucarini, M., Santini, A., Souto, E.B., and Novellino, E. (2019). The Therapeutic Potential of Apigenin. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20061305"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1049\/nbt2.12016","article-title":"Investigating the in vitro photothermal effect of green synthesized apigenin-coated gold nanoparticle on colorectal carcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Amini","year":"2021","journal-title":"IET Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1007\/s42770-020-00263-8","article-title":"Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using extracellular metabolites of fish gut microbes and their antimicrobial properties","volume":"51","author":"Rajasekar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Braz. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bordoni, V., Sanna, L., Lyu, W., Avitabile, E., Zoroddu, S., Medici, S., Kelvin, D.J., and Bagella, L. (2021). Silver nanoparticles derived by artemisia arborescens reveal anticancer and apoptosis-inducing effects. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168621"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan, F., Shariq, M., Asif, M., Siddiqui, M.A., Malan, P., and Ahmad, F. (2022). Green Nanotechnology: Plant-Mediated Nanoparticle Synthesis and Application. Nanomaterials, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12040673"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.12869","article-title":"Doxorubicin, mesenchymal stem cell toxicity and antitumour activity: Implications for clinical use","volume":"70","author":"Dass","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.2174\/1871520621666201207093913","article-title":"Anticancer Potential of Doxorubicin in Combination with Green-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticle and its Cytotoxicity Effects on Cardio-Myoblast Normal Cells","volume":"21","author":"Saeidi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anti Cancer Agents Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e06923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e06923","article-title":"Sustainable-green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) waste extract and its antibacterial activity","volume":"7","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.019","article-title":"Multifunctional role of fucoidan, sulfated polysaccharides in human health and disease: A journey under the sea in pursuit of potent therapeutic agents","volume":"164","author":"Pradhan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2021.118258","article-title":"Agarose oligosaccharide- silver nanoparticle- antimicrobial peptide- composite for wound dressing","volume":"269","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1038\/s41477-021-00963-5","article-title":"The Taxus genome provides insights into paclitaxel biosynthesis","volume":"7","author":"Xiong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Plants"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2021.1874028","article-title":"A review of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects of Allium cepa and its main constituents","volume":"59","author":"Marefati","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116295","article-title":"Green synthesis, characterization and applications of silver nanoparticle mediated by the aqueous extract of red onion peel","volume":"271","author":"Kan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21900","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-12040-z","article-title":"Antagonistic effect of different selenium type on green synthesized silver nanoparticle toxicity on Oreochromis niloticus: Oxidative stress biomarkers","volume":"28","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22476","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules201219860","article-title":"Green chemistry approach for synthesis of effective anticancer palladium nanoparticles","volume":"20","author":"Gurunathan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.2174\/2405461504666190131142303","article-title":"Palladium Nanoparticles Mediated Through Bauhinia variegata: Potent In vitro Anticancer Activity Against MCF-7 Cell Lines and Antimicrobial Assay","volume":"3","author":"Vaghela","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Nanomater."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jayawardena, T.U., Wang, L., Sanjeewa, K.K.A., Kang, S.I., Lee, J.-S., and Jeon, Y.-J. (2020). Antioxidant Potential of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Padina boryana; Protective Effect against Oxidative Stress in In Vitro and In Vivo Zebrafish Model. Mar. Drugs, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/md18040212"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5444","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-84794-6","article-title":"Padina boryana mediated green synthesis of crystalline palladium nanoparticles as potential nanodrug against multidrug resistant bacteria and cancer cells","volume":"11","author":"Sonbol","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anasdass, J.R., Kannaiyan, P., Raghavachary, R., Gopinath, S.C.B., and Chen, Y. (2018). Palladium nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide sheets synthesized using Ficus carica fruit extract: A catalyst for Suzuki cross-coupling reactions. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193281"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2021.108979","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of palladium nanoparticles by chemical and green methods: A comparative study on hepatic toxicity using zebrafish as an animal model","volume":"244","author":"Anila","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part C Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, K., Zhao, Y., Zhang, L., He, M., Lin, W., Sun, H., Liu, Z., Hu, J., and Wang, L. (2021). Biocompatible Platinum Nanoclusters Prepared Using Bitter Gourd Polysaccharide for Colorimetric Detection of Ascorbic Acid. Biomolecules, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11050647"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Attia, A.I., Reda, F.M., Patra, A.K., Elnesr, S.S., Attia, Y.A., and Alagawany, M. (2021). Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) by-Products: Chemical Composition, Nutritive Value and Applications in Poultry Nutrition, an Updating Review. Animals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11041133"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.btre.2021.e00635","article-title":"Biosynthesis and characterization of platinum nanoparticles using Iraqi Zahidi dates and evaluation of their biological applications","volume":"30","author":"Ali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559325818807382","DOI":"10.1177\/1559325818807382","article-title":"Green Platinum Nanoparticles Interaction With HEK293 Cells: Cellular Toxicity, Apoptosis, and Genetic Damage","volume":"16","author":"Almeer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dose Response"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2017.07.072","article-title":"Green synthesis of copper nanoparticles using Plantago asiatica leaf extract and their application for the cyanation of aldehydes using K4Fe(CN)6","volume":"506","author":"Nasrollahzadeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S1872-2067(17)62915-2","article-title":"Biosynthesis of copper nanoparticles supported on manganese dioxide nanoparticles using Centella asiatica L. leaf extract for the efficient catalytic reduction of organic dyes and nitroarenes","volume":"39","author":"Nasrollahzadeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chinese J. Catal."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2479","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S59661","article-title":"Cytotoxic effect of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized via seaweed aqueous extract","volume":"9","author":"Namvar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2018.01.021","article-title":"Extracellular biosynthesis of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles by Bacillus cereus strain HMH1: Characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity analysis on MCF-7 and 3T3 cell lines","volume":"270","author":"Fatemi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inoche.2021.108923","article-title":"Green synthesis of trimetallic oxide nanoparticles and their use as an efficient catalyst for the green synthesis of quinoline and spirooxindoles: Antibacterial, cytotoxicity and anti-colon cancer effects","volume":"133","author":"Mahmoudi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19248","DOI":"10.1039\/D1RA02876F","article-title":"Effective inhibition and eradication of pathogenic biofilms by titanium dioxide nanoparticles synthesized usingCarum copticumextract","volume":"11","author":"Altaf","year":"2021","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111333","article-title":"Green synthesis and characterization of titanium dioxide nanoparticles using leaf extract of Pouteria campechiana and larvicidal and pupicidal activity on Aedes aegypti","volume":"200","author":"Narayanan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Res."}],"container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4923\/14\/11\/2286\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:02:20Z","timestamp":1760144540000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4923\/14\/11\/2286"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["pharmaceutics14112286"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics14112286","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4923"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4923","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]]}}}