{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T19:12:24Z","timestamp":1790622744967,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]],"date-time":"2022-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs","award":["No. W81XWH-18-2-0044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. W81XWH-18-2-0044"]}]},{"name":"Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs","award":["R01AI114697"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI114697"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute on Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. W81XWH-18-2-0044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. W81XWH-18-2-0044"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute on Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI114697"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI114697"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fentanyl (FEN) is a potent synthetic opioid associated with increasing incidence of opioid use disorder (OUD) and fatal opioid overdose. Vaccine immunotherapy for FEN-associated disorders may be a viable therapeutic strategy. Here, we expand and confirm our previous study in mice showing immunological and antinociception efficacy of our FEN vaccine administered with the adjuvant dmLT. In this study, immunized male and female rats produced significant levels of anti-FEN antibodies that were highly effective at neutralizing FEN\u2013induced antinociception in the tail flick assay and hot plate assays. The vaccine also decreased FEN brain levels following drug administration. Immunization blocked FEN-induced, but not morphine-induced, rate-disrupting effects on schedule-controlled responding. Vaccination prevented decreases on physiological measures (oxygen saturation, heart rate) and reduction in overall activity following FEN administration in male rats. The impact of FEN on these measures was greater in unvaccinated male rats compared to unvaccinated female rats. Cross-reactivity assays showed anti-FEN antibodies bound to FEN and sufentanil but not to morphine, methadone, buprenorphine, or oxycodone. These data support further clinical development of this vaccine to address OUD in humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14112290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]],"date-time":"2022-10-26T05:11:33Z","timestamp":1666761093000},"page":"2290","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["An Immunconjugate Vaccine Alters Distribution and Reduces the Antinociceptive, Behavioral and Physiological Effects of Fentanyl in Male and Female Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Colin N.","family":"Haile","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology & TIMES, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miah D.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology & TIMES, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio A.","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology & TIMES, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos A.","family":"Lopez Arteaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology & TIMES, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anantha L.","family":"Duddupudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3188-4748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory D.","family":"Cuny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth B.","family":"Norton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas R.","family":"Kosten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menninger Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"The Michael E DeBakey Veteran\u2019s Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Therese A.","family":"Kosten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology & TIMES, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"CDC (2022, March 08). 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