{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T23:56:02Z","timestamp":1789689362038,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural and pharmacological inhibition of the early phase of viral replication","award":["2017M8R7N9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017M8R7N9"]}]},{"name":"Natural and pharmacological inhibition of the early phase of viral replication","award":["B64I20000150005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B64I20000150005"]}]},{"name":"AV and RT acknowledge PON PROFOOD IV","award":["2017M8R7N9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017M8R7N9"]}]},{"name":"AV and RT acknowledge PON PROFOOD IV","award":["B64I20000150005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B64I20000150005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antibiotic resistance is an important and emerging alarm for public health that requires development of new potential antibacterial strategies. In recent years, nanoscale materials have emerged as an alternative way to fight pathogens. Many researchers have shown great interest in nanoparticles (NPs) using noble metals, such as silver, gold, and platinum, even though numerous nanomaterials have shown toxicity. To overcome the problem of toxicity, nanotechnology merged with green chemistry to synthesize nature-friendly nanoparticles from plants. Here, we describe the synthesis of NPs using silver (AgNPs) and platinum (PtNPs) alone or in combination (AgPtNPs) in the presence of Ocimum basilicum (O. basilicum) leaf extract. O. basilicum is a well-known medicinal plant with antibacterial compounds. A preliminary chemical\u2013physical characterization of the extract was conducted. The size, shape and elemental analysis were carried out using UV\u2013Visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed polydisperse NPs with spherical shape. The size of the particles was approximately 59 nm, confirmed by DLS analysis, and the polydisperse index was 0.159. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) demonstrated an effective and selective capping of the phytoconstituents on the NPs. The cytotoxic activities of AgNPs, PtNPs and AgPtNPs were assessed on different epithelial cell models, using the 3-[4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell proliferation assay, and discovered low toxicity, with a cell viability of 80%. The antibacterial potential of the NPs was evaluated against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumoniae), and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strains. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays showed AgPtNP activity till the least concentration of NPs (3.15\u20131.56 \u00b5g\/mL) against ATCC, MS, and MDR E. coli, E. faecalis, and S. aureus and the Kirby\u2013Bauer method showed that AgPtNPs gave a zone of inhibition for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in a range of 9\u201325 mm. In addition, we obtained AgPtNP synergistic activity in combination with vancomycin or ampicillin antibiotics. Taken together, these results indicate that bimetallic nanoparticles, synthesized from O. basilicum leaf extract, could represent a natural, ecofriendly, cheap, and safe method to produce alternative antibacterial strategies with low cytotoxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14112457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]],"date-time":"2022-11-15T02:31:15Z","timestamp":1668479475000},"page":"2457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Antimicrobial Applications of Green Synthesized Bimetallic Nanoparticles from Ocimum basilicum"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9053-1216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pragati Rajendra","family":"More","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Campania \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d, Via De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7991-8700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Zannella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Campania \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d, Via De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7406-9882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica","family":"Folliero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Campania \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d, Via De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5005-8185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Foglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Campania \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d, Via De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3484-3589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romualdo","family":"Troisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Vergara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3321-4331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluigi","family":"Franci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana\u201d, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0395-7962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"De Filippis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Campania \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d, Via De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1576-6290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Galdiero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Campania \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d, Via De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1080\/10934529.2021.1917936","article-title":"Antimicrobial Properties of Nanoparticles in the Context of Advantages and Potential Risks of Their Use","volume":"56","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. 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