{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T12:24:37Z","timestamp":1780662277578,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]],"date-time":"2022-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","award":["#2018\/18312-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2018\/18312-2"]}]},{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","award":["01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01"]}]},{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","award":["#440579\/2014-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#440579\/2014-7"]}]},{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","award":["302898\/2020-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["302898\/2020-4"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","award":["#2018\/18312-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2018\/18312-2"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","award":["01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","award":["#440579\/2014-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#440579\/2014-7"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","award":["302898\/2020-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["302898\/2020-4"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","award":["#2018\/18312-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2018\/18312-2"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","award":["01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","award":["#440579\/2014-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#440579\/2014-7"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","award":["302898\/2020-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["302898\/2020-4"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>VEGF is an important neurotrophic and vascular factor involved in mental disorders. The objective of this study was to verify the effect of genetic polymorphisms in the VEGF pathway on the risk for depression, symptom intensity, and suicide attempts. To examine the association between the VEGF pathway and depression, we genotyped polymorphisms and measured the plasma concentrations of VEGF, KDR, and FLT1 proteins. The participants were 160 patients with depression and 114 healthy controls. The questionnaires that assessed the clinical profile of the patients were the MINI-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, GRID-HAMD21, CTQ, BSI, and the number of suicide attempts. Genotyping of participants was performed using the real-time PCR and protein measurements were performed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). VEGF and its inhibitors were reduced in depression. Individuals with depression and displaying the homozygous AA of the rs699947 polymorphism had higher plasma concentrations of VEGF (p-value = 0.006) and were associated with a greater number of suicide attempts (p-value = 0.041). Individuals with depression that were homozygous for the G allele of the FLT1 polymorphism rs7993418 were associated with lower symptom severity (p-value = 0.040). Our results suggest that VEGF pathway polymorphisms are associated with the number of suicide attempts and the severity of depressive symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14122757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]],"date-time":"2022-12-09T02:50:51Z","timestamp":1670554251000},"page":"2757","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The Association of Biochemical and Genetic Biomarkers in VEGF Pathway with Depression"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8146-5832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda Daniela Dornelas","family":"Nunes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paolo, Sao Paulo 14040-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Let\u00edcia Perticarrara","family":"Ferezin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paolo, Sao Paulo 14040-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherliane Carla","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paolo 14049-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda Viana","family":"Figaro-Drumond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paolo, Sao Paulo 14040-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas C\u00e9zar","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paolo, Sao Paulo 14040-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1641-9255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Itiana Castro","family":"Menezes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 14049-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristiane von Werne","family":"Baes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 14049-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda Borchers","family":"Coeli-Lacchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Center Foundation, Clinics Hospital of the Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paolo 14051-060, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9945-9633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Eduardo","family":"Tanus-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paolo 14049-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8558-3396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rio Francisco","family":"Juruena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Monks Orchard Road, Beckenham BR3 3BX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Lacchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paolo, Sao Paulo 14040-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61689-4","article-title":"Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010","volume":"380","author":"Murray","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31151-1","article-title":"Depression","volume":"393","author":"Barnett","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"(2022, March 22). 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