{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T23:00:14Z","timestamp":1776726014260,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Ministry of Health (Secretariat of Science, Technology and Strategic Inputs\u2014SCTIE, Department of Science and Technology\u2014DECIT)","award":["405967\/2018-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["405967\/2018-7"]}]},{"name":"the National Ministry of Health (Secretariat of Science, Technology and Strategic Inputs\u2014SCTIE, Department of Science and Technology\u2014DECIT)","award":["307695\/2020-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["307695\/2020-4"]}]},{"name":"the National Ministry of Health (Secretariat of Science, Technology and Strategic Inputs\u2014SCTIE, Department of Science and Technology\u2014DECIT)","award":["88887.286821\/2018-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.286821\/2018-00"]}]},{"name":"Arauc\u00e1ria Foundation\/PR and CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development)","award":["405967\/2018-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["405967\/2018-7"]}]},{"name":"Arauc\u00e1ria Foundation\/PR and CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development)","award":["307695\/2020-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["307695\/2020-4"]}]},{"name":"Arauc\u00e1ria Foundation\/PR and CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development)","award":["88887.286821\/2018-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.286821\/2018-00"]}]},{"name":"CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel)","award":["405967\/2018-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["405967\/2018-7"]}]},{"name":"CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel)","award":["307695\/2020-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["307695\/2020-4"]}]},{"name":"CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel)","award":["88887.286821\/2018-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.286821\/2018-00"]}]},{"name":"FINEP (Financier of Studies and Projects)","award":["405967\/2018-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["405967\/2018-7"]}]},{"name":"FINEP (Financier of Studies and Projects)","award":["307695\/2020-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["307695\/2020-4"]}]},{"name":"FINEP (Financier of Studies and Projects)","award":["88887.286821\/2018-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.286821\/2018-00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recently, the number of new cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis has been of concern among health agencies. Research that offers new therapeutic alternatives is advantageous, especially those that develop innovative drugs. Therefore, this paper presents the incorporation of Copaifera reticulata Ducke and chlorophyll extract into Pluronic\u00ae\u00ae F127 and Carbopol gels, under optimized polymer quantities. The chlorophyll extract (rich in photosensitizing compounds) was obtained by continuous-flow pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), a clean, environmentally friendly method. The system aims to act as as a leishmanicidal, cicatrizant, and antibiotic agent, with reinforcement of the photodynamic therapy (PDT) action. Rheological and mechanical analyses, permeation studies and bioadhesiveness analyses on human skin, and PDT-mediated activation of Staphylococcus aureus were performed. The emulgels showed gelation between 13\u00b0 and 15 \u00b0C, besides pseudoplastic and viscoelastic properties. Furthermore, the systems showed transdermal potential, by releasing chlorophylls and C. reticulata Ducke into the deep layers of human skin, with good bioadhesive performance. The application of PDT reduced three logarithmic colony-forming units of S. aureus bacteria. The results support the potential of the natural drug for future clinical trials in treating wounds and cutaneous leishmania.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14122798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T05:27:23Z","timestamp":1670995643000},"page":"2798","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Thermo and Photoresponsive Emulgel Loaded with Copaifera reticulata Ducke and Chlorophylls: Rheological, Mechanical, Photodynamic and Drug Delivery Properties in Human Skin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5156-8542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katieli da Silva Souza","family":"Campanholi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, State University of Maring\u00e1, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ranulfo Combuca da Silva","family":"Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, State University of Maring\u00e1, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2454-3638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas Marcelo","family":"Jaski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agronomy Department, State University of Maring\u00e1, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0586-7802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00e9ssica Bassi da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maring\u00e1, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7821-4469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana Carla de","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maring\u00e1, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafaela Said dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maring\u00e1, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magali Soares dos Santos","family":"Pozza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Science Department, State University of Maring\u00e1, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5118-5370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lidiane Vizioli de","family":"Castro-Hoshino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Department, State University of Maring\u00e1, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6017-2582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauro Luciano","family":"Baesso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Department, State University of Maring\u00e1, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1764-9979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucio","family":"Cardozo-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Engineering Department, State University of Maring\u00e1, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4838-5742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos Luciano","family":"Bruschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maring\u00e1, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wilker","family":"Caetano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, State University of Maring\u00e1, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e04542020","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0454-2020","article-title":"Estimating Direct Costs of the Treatment for Mucosal Leishmaniasis in Brazil","volume":"54","author":"Cota","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. 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