{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T19:51:18Z","timestamp":1789156278105,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"company Helbo"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photobiomodulation (PBM) in the treatment of oral lichen planus (OLP) in comparison with the use of topical corticosteroids. Material and methods: Sixty patients with OLP were randomized to three groups: group 1 photodynamic therapy applied once a week for four sessions, with orabase cream; group 2 low-power laser application with orabase cream; and group 3 inactive laser with triamcinolone acetonide 0.1%. Patient pain was evaluated, and the Thongprasom severity score, the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), and the Hamilton anxiety and depression scale at one and three months of follow-up. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05127083). Results: Pain decreased significantly over time in all groups, though the symptoms relapsed over follow-up at one and three months in group 3. The OHIP-14 score improved significantly in groups 1 and 2 (p &lt; 0.05), and this improvement was maintained after three months. Lesion resolution evaluated by the Thongprasom score at one month showed significant differences between groups 1 and 3 (p = 0.032) and between groups 2 and 3 (p = 0.024). Conclusions: Photodynamic therapy and photobiomodulation once a week for four weeks are safe and non-invasive treatment options, with the important advantage of lacking adverse effects. Further studies are needed to confirm it.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15010030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T02:06:14Z","timestamp":1671674774000},"page":"30","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Photodynamic Therapy, Photobiomodulation and Acetonide Triamcinolone 0.1% in the Treatment of Oral Lichen Planus: A Randomized Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Carmen","family":"Salinas-Gilabert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB-Arrixaca) Hospital Morales Meseguer, Cl\u00ednica Odontol\u00f3gica, Marqu\u00e9s del los V\u00e9lez s\/n, 30008 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6795-1028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"G\u00f3mez Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB-Arrixaca) Hospital Morales Meseguer, Cl\u00ednica Odontol\u00f3gica, Marqu\u00e9s del los V\u00e9lez s\/n, 30008 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fe","family":"Galera Molero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB-Arrixaca) Hospital Morales Meseguer, Cl\u00ednica Odontol\u00f3gica, Marqu\u00e9s del los V\u00e9lez s\/n, 30008 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9595-5982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Pons-Fuster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Anatom\u00eda Humana y Psicobiolog\u00eda, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1457-6591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seppe","family":"Vander Beken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bredent Medical GmbH & Co. KG, 89250 Senden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3314-8613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pia","family":"Lopez Jornet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB-Arrixaca) Hospital Morales Meseguer, Cl\u00ednica Odontol\u00f3gica, Marqu\u00e9s del los V\u00e9lez s\/n, 30008 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12260","article-title":"Oral lichen planus: A disease or a spectrum of tissue reactions? 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