{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T06:29:31Z","timestamp":1791872971270,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":142,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","award":["NRF-2021R1F1A1060378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2021R1F1A1060378"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","award":["NRF-2020R1A6A1A03043708"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2020R1A6A1A03043708"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","award":["HN21C1258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HN21C1258"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education","award":["NRF-2021R1F1A1060378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2021R1F1A1060378"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education","award":["NRF-2020R1A6A1A03043708"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2020R1A6A1A03043708"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education","award":["HN21C1258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HN21C1258"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy, and the Ministry of Health and Welfare","award":["NRF-2021R1F1A1060378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2021R1F1A1060378"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy, and the Ministry of Health and Welfare","award":["NRF-2020R1A6A1A03043708"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2020R1A6A1A03043708"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy, and the Ministry of Health and Welfare","award":["HN21C1258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HN21C1258"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Liposomes are safe, biocompatible, and biodegradable spherical nanosized vesicles produced from cholesterol and phospholipids. Recently, liposomes have been widely administered intranasally for systemic and brain delivery. From the nasal cavity, liposome-encapsulated drugs and genes enter the systemic circulation primarily via absorption in the respiratory region, whereas they can be directly transported to the brain via the olfactory pathway. Liposomes can protect drugs and genes from enzymatic degradation, increase drug absorption across the nasal epithelium, and prolong the residence time in the nasal cavity. Intranasal liposomes are also a potential approach for vaccine delivery. Liposomes can be used as a platform to load antigens and as vaccine adjuvants to induce a robust immune response. With the recent interest in intranasal liposome formulations, this review discusses various aspects of liposomes that make them suitable for intranasal administration. We have summarized the latest advancements and applications of liposomes and evaluated their performance in the systemic and brain delivery of drugs and genes administered intranasally. We have also reviewed recent advances in intranasal liposome vaccine development and proposed perspectives on the future of intranasal liposomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15010207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T03:25:58Z","timestamp":1673234758000},"page":"207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Recent Advances in Intranasal Liposomes for Drug, Gene, and Vaccine Delivery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4676-1804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Van-An","family":"Duong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9657-4399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thi-Thao-Linh","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han-Joo","family":"Maeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3045","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-022-00976-6","article-title":"Nanosized drug delivery systems modulate the immunosuppressive microenvironment to improve cancer immunotherapy","volume":"43","author":"Yan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. 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