{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T03:19:23Z","timestamp":1792120763912,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":298,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","award":["01\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","award":["21\/14839-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21\/14839-9"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brazil (CAPES)","award":["01\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brazil (CAPES)","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brazil (CAPES)","award":["21\/14839-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21\/14839-9"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","award":["01\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","award":["21\/14839-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21\/14839-9"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Invasive fungal infections increase mortality and morbidity rates worldwide. The treatment of these infections is still limited due to the low bioavailability and toxicity, requiring therapeutic monitoring, especially in the most severe cases. Voriconazole is an azole widely used to treat invasive aspergillosis, other hyaline molds, many dematiaceous molds, Candida spp., including those resistant to fluconazole, and for infections caused by endemic mycoses, in addition to those that occur in the central nervous system. However, despite its broad activity, using voriconazole has limitations related to its non-linear pharmacokinetics, leading to supratherapeutic doses and increased toxicity according to individual polymorphisms during its metabolism. In this sense, nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems have successfully improved the physicochemical and biological aspects of different classes of drugs, including antifungals. In this review, we highlighted recent work that has applied nanotechnology to deliver voriconazole. These systems allowed increased permeation and deposition of voriconazole in target tissues from a controlled and sustained release in different routes of administration such as ocular, pulmonary, oral, topical, and parenteral. Thus, nanotechnology application aiming to delivery voriconazole becomes a more effective and safer therapeutic alternative in the treatment of fungal infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15010266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T04:29:38Z","timestamp":1673497778000},"page":"266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Nanotechnology-Based Approaches for Voriconazole Delivery Applied to Invasive Fungal Infections"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9155-1024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"La\u00eds","family":"de Almeida Campos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Midwest State University (UNICENTRO), Alameda \u00c9lio Antonio Dalla Vecchia St, 838, Guarapuava 85040-167, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3706-6858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margani Taise","family":"Fin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Midwest State University (UNICENTRO), Alameda \u00c9lio Antonio Dalla Vecchia St, 838, Guarapuava 85040-167, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8328-9054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelvin Sousa","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara Ja\u00fa, Km 01, Araraquara 14801-902, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2569-2723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos William","family":"de Lima Gualque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara Ja\u00fa, Km 01, Araraquara 14801-902, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Karla Lima","family":"Freire Cabral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara Ja\u00fa, Km 01, Araraquara 14801-902, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Najeh Maissar","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Midwest State University (UNICENTRO), Alameda \u00c9lio Antonio Dalla Vecchia St, 838, Guarapuava 85040-167, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Marisa","family":"Fusco-Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara Ja\u00fa, Km 01, Araraquara 14801-902, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4442-2075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rubiana Mara","family":"Mainardes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Midwest State University (UNICENTRO), Alameda \u00c9lio Antonio Dalla Vecchia St, 838, Guarapuava 85040-167, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8059-0826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Jos\u00e9 Soares","family":"Mendes-Giannini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara Ja\u00fa, Km 01, Araraquara 14801-902, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2021.03.012","article-title":"Cryptococcosis","volume":"35","author":"Gushiken","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect. 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