{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T06:49:26Z","timestamp":1784875766115,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]],"date-time":"2023-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shanghai Natural Science Foundation","award":["20ZR1434500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20ZR1434500"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Natural Science Foundation","award":["YG2021GD04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YG2021GD04"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Natural Science Foundation","award":["PKJ2020-Y06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PKJ2020-Y06"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Natural Science Foundation","award":["82070430"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82070430"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Natural Science Foundation","award":["82272178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82272178"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Natural Science Foundation","award":["KQYJXK2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KQYJXK2021"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Natural Science Foundation","award":["SHSMU-ZLCX20212400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHSMU-ZLCX20212400"]}]},{"name":"Biomedical Engineering fund of Shanghai Jiao Tong University","award":["20ZR1434500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20ZR1434500"]}]},{"name":"Biomedical Engineering fund of Shanghai Jiao Tong University","award":["YG2021GD04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YG2021GD04"]}]},{"name":"Biomedical Engineering fund of Shanghai Jiao Tong University","award":["PKJ2020-Y06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PKJ2020-Y06"]}]},{"name":"Biomedical Engineering fund of Shanghai Jiao Tong University","award":["82070430"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82070430"]}]},{"name":"Biomedical Engineering fund of Shanghai Jiao Tong University","award":["82272178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82272178"]}]},{"name":"Biomedical Engineering fund of Shanghai Jiao Tong University","award":["KQYJXK2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KQYJXK2021"]}]},{"name":"Biomedical Engineering fund of Shanghai Jiao Tong University","award":["SHSMU-ZLCX20212400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHSMU-ZLCX20212400"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Development Foundation of Shanghai Pudong","award":["20ZR1434500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20ZR1434500"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Development Foundation of Shanghai Pudong","award":["YG2021GD04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YG2021GD04"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Development Foundation of Shanghai Pudong","award":["PKJ2020-Y06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PKJ2020-Y06"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Development Foundation of Shanghai Pudong","award":["82070430"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82070430"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Development Foundation of Shanghai Pudong","award":["82272178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82272178"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Development Foundation of Shanghai Pudong","award":["KQYJXK2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KQYJXK2021"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Development Foundation of Shanghai Pudong","award":["SHSMU-ZLCX20212400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHSMU-ZLCX20212400"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["20ZR1434500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20ZR1434500"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["YG2021GD04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YG2021GD04"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["PKJ2020-Y06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PKJ2020-Y06"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82070430"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82070430"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82272178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82272178"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["KQYJXK2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KQYJXK2021"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["SHSMU-ZLCX20212400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHSMU-ZLCX20212400"]}]},{"name":"Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","award":["20ZR1434500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20ZR1434500"]}]},{"name":"Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","award":["YG2021GD04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YG2021GD04"]}]},{"name":"Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","award":["PKJ2020-Y06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PKJ2020-Y06"]}]},{"name":"Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","award":["82070430"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82070430"]}]},{"name":"Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","award":["82272178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82272178"]}]},{"name":"Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","award":["KQYJXK2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KQYJXK2021"]}]},{"name":"Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","award":["SHSMU-ZLCX20212400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHSMU-ZLCX20212400"]}]},{"name":"Innovative research team of high-level local universities in Shanghai, Oral and maxillofacial regeneration and functional restoration","award":["20ZR1434500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20ZR1434500"]}]},{"name":"Innovative research team of high-level local universities in Shanghai, Oral and maxillofacial regeneration and functional restoration","award":["YG2021GD04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YG2021GD04"]}]},{"name":"Innovative research team of high-level local universities in Shanghai, Oral and maxillofacial regeneration and functional restoration","award":["PKJ2020-Y06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PKJ2020-Y06"]}]},{"name":"Innovative research team of high-level local universities in Shanghai, Oral and maxillofacial regeneration and functional restoration","award":["82070430"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82070430"]}]},{"name":"Innovative research team of high-level local universities in Shanghai, Oral and maxillofacial regeneration and functional restoration","award":["82272178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82272178"]}]},{"name":"Innovative research team of high-level local universities in Shanghai, Oral and maxillofacial regeneration and functional restoration","award":["KQYJXK2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KQYJXK2021"]}]},{"name":"Innovative research team of high-level local universities in Shanghai, Oral and maxillofacial regeneration and functional restoration","award":["SHSMU-ZLCX20212400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHSMU-ZLCX20212400"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chemically modified mRNA (modRNA) has proven to be a versatile tool for the treatment of various cancers and infectious diseases due to recent technological advancements. However, a safe and effective delivery system to overcome the complex extracellular and intracellular barriers is required in order to achieve higher therapeutic efficacy and broaden clinical applications. Here, we explored All-Fect and Leu-Fect C as novel transfection reagents derived from lipopolymers, which demonstrated excellent biocompatibility, efficient delivery capabilities, and a robust ability to escape the lysosomes. These properties directly increase mRNA stability by preventing mRNA degradation by nucleases and simultaneously promote efficient gene translation in vitro and in vivo. The modRNA delivered with lipopolymer vectors sustained effective transfection in mouse hearts following direct intramyocardial injection, as well as in major organs (liver and spleen) after systemic administration. No observable immune reactions or systemic toxicity were detected following the systemic administration of lipopolymer-mRNA complexes to additional solid organs. This study identified commercial reagents for the effective delivery of modRNA and may help facilitate the advancement of gene-based interventions involving the safe and effective delivery of nucleic acid drug substances.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15020410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]],"date-time":"2023-01-26T03:05:14Z","timestamp":1674702314000},"page":"410","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Safe and Effective Delivery of mRNA Using Modified PEI-Based Lipopolymers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Huijing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children\u2019s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Materials, Shanghai Biomaterials Research & Testing Center, Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, No. 427, Jumen Rd., Shanghai 200011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuefeng","family":"Ai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children\u2019s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. C.","family":"Remant-Bahadur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teo A.","family":"Dick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingqian","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children\u2019s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children\u2019s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingliang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children\u2019s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Runjiao","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children\u2019s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minglu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children\u2019s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children\u2019s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaixiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children\u2019s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children\u2019s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hasan","family":"Uludag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2321-1057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children\u2019s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai 9th People\u2019s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2017.243","article-title":"mRNA vaccines\u2014A new era in vaccinology","volume":"17","author":"Pardi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chanda, P.K., Sukhovershin, R., and Cooke, J.P. (2021). mRNA-Enhanced Cell Therapy and Cardiovascular Regeneration. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10010187"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2019.01.013","article-title":"Optimization of Lipid Nanoparticles for Intramuscular Administration of mRNA Vaccines","volume":"15","author":"Hassett","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-018-0284-0","article-title":"Restoration of tumour-growth suppression in vivo via systemic nanoparticle-mediated delivery of PTEN mRNA","volume":"2","author":"Islam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2019.02.012","article-title":"Delivering the Messenger: Advances in Technologies for Therapeutic mRNA Delivery","volume":"27","author":"Kowalski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18300","article-title":"Systemic RNA delivery to dendritic cells exploits antiviral defence for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"534","author":"Kranz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4278","article-title":"mRNA-based therapeutics\u2013developing a new class of drugs","volume":"13","author":"Sahin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam5794","article-title":"Mixed tailing by TENT4A and TENT4B shields mRNA from rapid deadenylation","volume":"361","author":"Lim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2022.10.003","article-title":"Cytidine-containing tails robustly enhance and prolong protein production of synthetic mRNA in cell and in vivo","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2015.08.051","article-title":"N(1)-methylpseudouridine-incorporated mRNA outperforms pseudouridine-incorporated mRNA by providing enhanced protein expression and reduced immunogenicity in mammalian cell lines and mice","volume":"217","author":"Andries","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.06.008","article-title":"Suppression of RNA recognition by Toll-like receptors: The impact of nucleoside modification and the evolutionary origin of RNA","volume":"23","author":"Kariko","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e142","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr695","article-title":"Generating the optimal mRNA for therapy: HPLC purification eliminates immune activation and improves translation of nucleoside-modified, protein-encoding mRNA","volume":"39","author":"Kariko","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2008.200","article-title":"Incorporation of pseudouridine into mRNA yields superior nonimmunogenic vector with increased translational capacity and biological stability","volume":"16","author":"Kariko","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2016.09.006","article-title":"Efficacy and immunogenicity of unmodified and pseudouridine-modified mRNA delivered systemically with lipid nanoparticles in vivo","volume":"109","author":"Kauffman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5281","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-018-2146-1","article-title":"Biomedical applications of mRNA nanomedicine","volume":"11","author":"Xiong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nano Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2019.07.006","article-title":"Optimizing Modified mRNA In Vitro Synthesis Protocol for Heart Gene Therapy","volume":"14","author":"Hadas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Methods Clin. Dev."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08852-4","article-title":"Intradermal delivery of modified mRNA encoding VEGF-A in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"10","author":"Gan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.06.020","article-title":"Synthetic modified messenger RNA for therapeutic applications","volume":"131","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-20903-3","article-title":"Murine liver repair via transient activation of regenerative pathways in hepatocytes using lipid nanoparticle-complexed nucleoside-modified mRNA","volume":"12","author":"Rizvi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2017.03.016","article-title":"Optimizing Cardiac Delivery of Modified mRNA","volume":"25","author":"Sultana","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2018.11.018","article-title":"mRNA-Based Protein Replacement Therapy for the Heart","volume":"27","author":"Magadum","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-020-0163-z","article-title":"Modified mRNA\/lipid nanoparticle-based vaccines expressing respiratory syncytial virus F protein variants are immunogenic and protective in rodent models of RSV infection","volume":"5","author":"Espeseth","year":"2020","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-022-01491-z","article-title":"Unlocking the promise of mRNA therapeutics","volume":"40","author":"Rohner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6080","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19486-2","article-title":"In vitro-transcribed antigen receptor mRNA nanocarriers for transient expression in circulating T cells in vivo","volume":"11","author":"Parayath","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3802","article-title":"Overcoming cellular barriers for RNA therapeutics","volume":"35","author":"Dowdy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2019.08.014","article-title":"Cell-mediated delivery of VEGF modified mRNA enhances blood vessel regeneration and ameliorates murine critical limb ischemia","volume":"310","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2018.04.003","article-title":"Biocompatible, Purified VEGF-A mRNA Improves Cardiac Function after Intracardiac Injection 1 Week Post-myocardial Infarction in Swine","volume":"9","author":"Carlsson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Methods Clin. Dev."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3763","article-title":"Non-viral vectors for gene-based therapy","volume":"15","author":"Yin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2591","article-title":"Strategies in the design of nanoparticles for therapeutic applications","volume":"9","author":"Petros","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17056","DOI":"10.1038\/natrevmats.2017.56","article-title":"Tools for translation: Non-viral materials for therapeutic mRNA delivery","volume":"2","author":"Hajj","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2017.5","article-title":"Nanotechnologies in delivery of mRNA therapeutics using nonviral vector-based delivery systems","volume":"24","author":"Guan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1066","article-title":"Progress and problems with the use of viral vectors for gene therapy","volume":"4","author":"Thomas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2009.255","article-title":"Effect of genome size on AAV vector packaging","volume":"18","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2005191118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2005191118","article-title":"Delivery of mRNA vaccine with a lipid-like material potentiates antitumor efficacy through Toll-like receptor 4 signaling","volume":"118","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2015.08.007","article-title":"Expression kinetics of nucleoside-modified mRNA delivered in lipid nanoparticles to mice by various routes","volume":"217","author":"Pardi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.6b03329","article-title":"Lipid Nanoparticle Assisted mRNA Delivery for Potent Cancer Immunotherapy","volume":"17","author":"Oberli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2424","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16248-y","article-title":"Synergistic lipid compositions for albumin receptor mediated delivery of mRNA to the liver","volume":"11","author":"Miao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2019.12.044","article-title":"Strong Immune Responses Induced by Direct Local Injections of Modified mRNA-Lipid Nanocomplexes","volume":"19","author":"Arya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.9b04246","article-title":"Ionizable Lipid Nanoparticle-Mediated mRNA Delivery for Human CAR T Cell Engineering","volume":"20","author":"Billingsley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1038\/s41427-020-0216-9","article-title":"Novel fluorinated polycationic delivery of anti-VEGF siRNA for tumor therapy","volume":"12","author":"Yuan","year":"2020","journal-title":"NPG Asia Mater."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2018.06.018","article-title":"siRNA\/lipopolymer nanoparticles to arrest growth of chronic myeloid leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo","volume":"130","author":"Aliabadi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Remant Bahadur, K.C., and Uluda\u011f, H. (2016). Polymers and Nanomaterials for Gene Therapy, Woodhead Publishing.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100520-0.00002-3"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.01.027","article-title":"Delivery of modified mRNA to damaged myocardium by systemic administration of lipid nanoparticles","volume":"343","author":"Evers","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1039\/C5BM00198F","article-title":"Biomaterials for mRNA delivery","volume":"3","author":"Islam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120966","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.120966","article-title":"Systemic delivery of mRNA and DNA to the lung using polymer-lipid nanoparticles","volume":"275","author":"Kaczmarek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabc2315","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abc2315","article-title":"Functionalized lipid-like nanoparticles for in vivo mRNA delivery and base editing","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2012.038","article-title":"A simple and rapid nonviral approach to efficiently transfect primary tissue-derived cells using polyethylenimine","volume":"7","author":"Hsu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bono, N., Ponti, F., Mantovani, D., and Candiani, G. (2020). Non-Viral in Vitro Gene Delivery: It is Now Time to Set the Bar!. Pharmaceutics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12020183"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1007\/s10637-022-01282-y","article-title":"Improved delivery of Mcl-1 and survivin siRNA combination in breast cancer cells with additive siRNA complexes","volume":"40","author":"Santadkha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Investig. New Drugs"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1089\/genbio.2021.0007","article-title":"TRAIL Therapy for Breast Cancer Treatment by Employing Lipopolymer mRNA Delivery","volume":"1","author":"Thapa","year":"2022","journal-title":"GEN Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2682","article-title":"Modified mRNA directs the fate of heart progenitor cells and induces vascular regeneration after myocardial infarction","volume":"31","author":"Zangi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8232","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c01745","article-title":"Intrinsic Color Sensing System Allows for Real-Time Observable Functional Changes on Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes","volume":"14","author":"Gong","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2022.08.012","article-title":"Transient secretion of VEGF protein from transplanted hiPSC-CMs enhances engraftment and improves rat heart function post MI","volume":"31","author":"Ai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102649","article-title":"Incorporation of glycyrrhizic acid and polyene phosphatidylcholine in lipid nanoparticles ameliorates acute liver injury via delivering p65 siRNA","volume":"48","author":"Yin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, T., Larcher, L.M., Ma, L., and Veedu, R.N. (2018). Systematic Screening of Commonly Used Commercial Transfection Reagents towards Efficient Transfection of Single-Stranded Oligonucleotides. Molecules, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23102564"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsekoura, E.K., Dick, T., Pankongadisak, P., Graf, D., Boluk, Y., and Uludag, H. (2021). Delivery of Bioactive Gene Particles via Gelatin-Collagen-PEG-Based Electrospun Matrices. Pharmaceuticals, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14070666"}],"container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4923\/15\/2\/410\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:15:53Z","timestamp":1760120153000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4923\/15\/2\/410"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["pharmaceutics15020410"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics15020410","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4923"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4923","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]]}}}