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MDD is differentiated from common mood changes and short-lived emotional responses due to subtle alterations in gray and white matter, including the frontal lobe, hippocampus, temporal lobe, thalamus, striatum, and amygdala. It can be detrimental to a person\u2019s overall health if it occurs with moderate or severe intensity. It can render a person suffering terribly to perform inadequately in their personal, professional, and social lives. Depression, at its peak, can lead to suicidal thoughts and ideation. Antidepressants manage clinical depression and function by modulating the serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine neurotransmitter levels in the brain. Patients with MDD positively respond to antidepressants, but 10\u201330% do not recuperate or have a partial response accompanied by poor life quality, suicidal ideation, self-injurious behavior, and an increased relapse rate. Recent research shows that mesenchymal stem cells and iPSCs may be responsible for lowering depression by producing more neurons with increased cortical connections. This narrative review discusses the plausible functions of various stem cell types in treating and understanding depression pathophysiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15030814","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]],"date-time":"2023-03-02T03:54:56Z","timestamp":1677729296000},"page":"814","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Plausible Role of Stem Cell Types for Treating and Understanding the Pathophysiology of Depression"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9967-1872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Punya","family":"Sachdeva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GloNeuro, Sector 107, Vishwakarma Road, Noida 201301, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seongmin","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeonsang 38541, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shampa","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GloNeuro, Sector 107, Vishwakarma Road, Noida 201301, India"},{"name":"ICMR\u2014National Institute of Nutrition, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soumya","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GloNeuro, Sector 107, Vishwakarma Road, Noida 201301, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manchala","family":"Raghunath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR\u2014National Institute of Nutrition, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4352-3138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyunjin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeonsang 38541, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0181-6197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rakesh","family":"Bhaskar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeonsang 38541, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7444-6932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jitendra Kumar","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GloNeuro, Sector 107, Vishwakarma Road, Noida 201301, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0773-2661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung Soo","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeonsang 38541, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.089094","article-title":"When Does Depression Become a Mental Disorder?","volume":"199","author":"Maj","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. 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