{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T11:02:10Z","timestamp":1789556530300,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":159,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Xunta de Galicia","award":["IN606B-2021\/001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN606B-2021\/001"]}]},{"name":"Xunta de Galicia","award":["GRC ED431C2021\/26"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRC ED431C2021\/26"]}]},{"name":"Xunta de Galicia","award":["RTI2018-099597-B-100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-099597-B-100"]}]},{"name":"Xunta de Galicia","award":["PI18\/00159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18\/00159"]}]},{"name":"Xunta de Galicia","award":["RD16\/0019\/0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0019\/0001"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness","award":["IN606B-2021\/001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN606B-2021\/001"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness","award":["GRC ED431C2021\/26"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRC ED431C2021\/26"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness","award":["RTI2018-099597-B-100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-099597-B-100"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness","award":["PI18\/00159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18\/00159"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness","award":["RD16\/0019\/0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0019\/0001"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)","award":["IN606B-2021\/001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN606B-2021\/001"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)","award":["GRC ED431C2021\/26"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRC ED431C2021\/26"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)","award":["RTI2018-099597-B-100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-099597-B-100"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)","award":["PI18\/00159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18\/00159"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)","award":["RD16\/0019\/0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0019\/0001"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Research Network on Cerebrovascular Diseases INVICTUS PLUS","award":["IN606B-2021\/001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN606B-2021\/001"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Research Network on Cerebrovascular Diseases INVICTUS PLUS","award":["GRC ED431C2021\/26"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRC ED431C2021\/26"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Research Network on Cerebrovascular Diseases INVICTUS PLUS","award":["RTI2018-099597-B-100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-099597-B-100"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Research Network on Cerebrovascular Diseases INVICTUS PLUS","award":["PI18\/00159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18\/00159"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Research Network on Cerebrovascular Diseases INVICTUS PLUS","award":["RD16\/0019\/0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0019\/0001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lactoferrin (LF) is a first-line defense protein with a pleiotropic functional pattern that includes anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiviral, antibacterial, and antitumoral properties. Remarkably, this iron-binding glycoprotein promotes iron retention, restricting free radical production and avoiding oxidative damage and inflammation. On the ocular surface, LF is released from corneal epithelial cells and lacrimal glands, representing a significant percentage of the total tear fluid proteins. Due to its multifunctionality, the availability of LF may be limited in several ocular disorders. Consequently, to reinforce the action of this highly beneficial glycoprotein on the ocular surface, LF has been proposed for the treatment of different conditions such as dry eye, keratoconus, conjunctivitis, and viral or bacterial ocular infections, among others. In this review, we outline the structure and the biological functions of LF, its relevant role at the ocular surface, its implication in LF-related ocular surface disorders, and its potential for biomedical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15030865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]],"date-time":"2023-03-08T03:29:05Z","timestamp":1678246145000},"page":"865","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Biomedical Applications of Lactoferrin on the Ocular Surface"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9633-2701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ux\u00eda","family":"Regueiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Corneal Neurodegeneration Group (RENOIR), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1843-0274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maite","family":"L\u00f3pez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Corneal Neurodegeneration Group (RENOIR), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1241-9936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rub\u00e9n","family":"Varela-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Corneal Neurodegeneration Group (RENOIR), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9030-2253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Javier","family":"Otero-Espinar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Materials (iMATUS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2894-0331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Lema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Corneal Neurodegeneration Group (RENOIR), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"},{"name":"Galician Institute of Ophthalmology (INGO), Conxo Provincial Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3345","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01498a029","article-title":"The Isolation of a Red Protein from Milk","volume":"82","author":"Groves","year":"1960","journal-title":"J. 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