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The clinical management of PCO formation is limited to either physical impedance of residual lens epithelial cells (LECs) by implantation of specially designed intraocular lenses (IOL) or laser ablation of the opaque posterior capsular tissues; however, these strategies cannot fully eradicate PCO and are associated with other ocular complications. In this review, we critically appraise recent advances in conventional and nanotechnology-based drug delivery approaches to PCO prophylaxis. We focus on long-acting dosage forms, including drug-eluting IOL, injectable hydrogels, nanoparticles and implants, highlighting analysis of their controlled drug-release properties (e.g., release duration, maximum drug release, drug-release half-life). The rational design of drug delivery systems by considering the intraocular environment, issues of initial burst release, drug loading content, delivery of drug combination and long-term ocular safety holds promise for the development of safe and effective pharmacological applications in anti-PCO therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15041235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]],"date-time":"2023-04-14T01:32:03Z","timestamp":1681435923000},"page":"1235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Clinical Translation of Long-Acting Drug Delivery Systems for Posterior Capsule Opacification Prophylaxis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xinyang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an People\u2019s Hospital (Xi\u2019an Fourth Hospital), Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Affiliated People\u2019s Hospital of Northwest University, 21 Jiefang Road, Xi\u2019an 710004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an People\u2019s Hospital (Xi\u2019an Fourth Hospital), Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Affiliated People\u2019s Hospital of Northwest University, 21 Jiefang Road, Xi\u2019an 710004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yexuan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an People\u2019s Hospital (Xi\u2019an Fourth Hospital), Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Affiliated People\u2019s Hospital of Northwest University, 21 Jiefang Road, Xi\u2019an 710004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Robert B.","family":"Macgregor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9418-8125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui Xue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an People\u2019s Hospital (Xi\u2019an Fourth Hospital), Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Affiliated People\u2019s Hospital of Northwest University, 21 Jiefang Road, Xi\u2019an 710004, China"},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-020-0806-3","article-title":"Global and regional prevalence of age-related cataract: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"Hashemi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2016.156","article-title":"Global prevalence of childhood cataract: A systematic review","volume":"30","author":"Sheeladevi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Yan, H. 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