{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T23:38:06Z","timestamp":1784590686326,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]],"date-time":"2023-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"PON AIM R&amp;I 2014\u20132020","award":["E66C18001260007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E66C18001260007"]}]},{"name":"PON AIM R&amp;I 2014\u20132020","award":["PRIN 2020FR7TCL"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRIN 2020FR7TCL"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"MUR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E66C18001260007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E66C18001260007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"MUR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PRIN 2020FR7TCL"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRIN 2020FR7TCL"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of the topical ocular administration of fluoxetine (FLX) in a mouse model of acute retinal damage. Methods: Ocular ischemia\/reperfusion (I\/R) injury in C57BL\/6J mice was used to elicit retinal damage. Mice were divided into three groups: control group, I\/R group, and I\/R group treated with topical FLX. A pattern electroretinogram (PERG) was used as a sensitive measure of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) function. Finally, we analyzed the retinal mRNA expression of inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, Iba-1, IL-1\u03b2, and S100\u03b2) through Digital Droplet PCR. Results: PERG amplitude values were significantly (p &lt; 0.05) higher in the I\/R-FLX group compared to the I\/R group, whereas PERG latency values were significantly (p &lt; 0.05) reduced in I\/R-FLX-treated mice compared to the I\/R group. Retinal inflammatory markers increased significantly (p &lt; 0.05) after I\/R injury. FLX treatment was able to significantly (p &lt; 0.05) attenuate the expression of inflammatory markers after I\/R damage. Conclusions: Topical treatment with FLX was effective in counteracting the damage of RGCs and preserving retinal function. Moreover, FLX treatment attenuates the production of pro-inflammatory molecules elicited by retinal I\/R damage. Further studies need to be performed to support the use of FLX as neuroprotective agent in retinal degenerative diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15051370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T12:02:31Z","timestamp":1682942551000},"page":"1370","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Fluoxetine Protects Retinal Ischemic Damage in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8722-7835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni Luca","family":"Romano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy"},{"name":"Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology-CERFO, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7512-269X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"Gozzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oriana Maria","family":"Maurel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Di Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Riolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Micale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Drago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy"},{"name":"Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology-CERFO, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Bucolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy"},{"name":"Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology-CERFO, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2011.01.013","article-title":"Carbon monoxide and the eye: Implications for glaucoma therapy","volume":"130","author":"Bucolo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacol. 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