{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T20:47:42Z","timestamp":1782506862415,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,30]],"date-time":"2023-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["NSTC-111-2314-B-039-045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC-111-2314-B-039-045"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["MOST-104-2314-B-039-047-MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST-104-2314-B-039-047-MY2"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["NSTC-111-2314-B-039-045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC-111-2314-B-039-045"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["MOST-104-2314-B-039-047-MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST-104-2314-B-039-047-MY2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the present study, the various concentrations of AuNP (1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 ppm) were prepared to investigate the biocompatibility, biological performances and cell uptake efficiency via Wharton\u2019s jelly mesenchymal stem cells and rat model. The pure AuNP, AuNP combined with Col (AuNP-Col) and FITC conjugated AuNP-Col (AuNP-Col-FITC) were characterized by Ultraviolet\u2013visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) assays. For in vitro examinations, we explored whether the Wharton\u2019s jelly MSCs had better viability, higher CXCR4 expression, greater migration distance and lower apoptotic-related proteins expression with AuNP 1.25 and 2.5 ppm treatments. Furthermore, we considered whether the treatments of 1.25 and 2.5 ppm AuNP could induce the CXCR4 knocked down Wharton\u2019s jelly MSCs to express CXCR4 and reduce the expression level of apoptotic proteins. We also treated the Wharton\u2019s jelly MSCs with AuNP-Col to investigate the intracellular uptake mechanisms. The evidence demonstrated the cells uptake AuNP-Col through clathrin-mediated endocytosis and the vacuolar-type H+-ATPase pathway with good stability inside the cells to avoid lysosomal degradation as well as better uptake efficiency. Additionally, the results from in vivo examinations elucidated the 2.5 ppm of AuNP attenuated foreign body responses and had better retention efficacy with tissue integrity in animal model. In conclusion, the evidence demonstrates that AuNP shows promise as a biosafe nanodrug delivery system for development of regenerative medicine coupled with Wharton\u2019s jelly MSCs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15051385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T12:02:31Z","timestamp":1682942551000},"page":"1385","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Therapeutic Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Loaded with Gold Nanoparticles for Regenerative Medicine"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Wen-Yu","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Minimally Invasive Skull Base Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407204, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Hung Kuang University, Taichung 433304, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2544-8181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meng-Yin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Minimally Invasive Skull Base Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407204, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-An","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9651-3761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi-Chin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Minimally Invasive Skull Base Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407204, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai-Bo","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai-Yuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Minimally Invasive Skull Base Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407204, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Szu-Yuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Minimally Invasive Skull Base Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407204, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chien-Lun","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Minimally Invasive Skull Base Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407204, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiung-Chyi","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Minimally Invasive Skull Base Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407204, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4161-2428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huey-Shan","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan"},{"name":"Translational Medicine Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-021-03628-6","article-title":"Nanoparticles for cancer therapy: Current progress and challenges","volume":"16","author":"Gavas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanoscale Res. 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