{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T23:58:14Z","timestamp":1779148694748,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany (BMBF)","award":["03ZZ0928A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03ZZ0928A"]}]},{"name":"Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany (BMBF)","award":["03ZZ0928D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03ZZ0928D"]}]},{"name":"Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany (BMBF)","award":["03ZZ0928J"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03ZZ0928J"]}]},{"name":"Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany (BMBF)","award":["03ZZ0928L"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03ZZ0928L"]}]},{"name":"Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany (BMBF)","award":["03ZZ09X06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03ZZ09X06"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A novel approach for the long-term medical treatment of the inner ear is the diffusion of drugs through the round window membrane from a patient-individualized, drug-eluting implant, which is inserted in the middle ear. In this study, drug-loaded (10 wt% Dexamethasone) guinea pig round window niche implants (GP-RNIs, ~1.30 mm \u00d7 0.95 mm \u00d7 0.60 mm) were manufactured with high precision via micro injection molding (\u00b5IM, Tmold = 160 \u00b0C, crosslinking time of 120 s). Each implant has a handle (~3.00 mm \u00d7 1.00 mm \u00d7 0.30 mm) that can be used to hold the implant. A medical-grade silicone elastomer was used as implant material. Molds for \u00b5IM were 3D printed from a commercially available resin (TG = 84 \u00b0C) via a high-resolution DLP process (xy resolution of 32 \u00b5m, z resolution of 10 \u00b5m, 3D printing time of about 6 h). Drug release, biocompatibility, and bioefficacy of the GP-RNIs were investigated in vitro. GP-RNIs could be successfully produced. The wear of the molds due to thermal stress was observed. However, the molds are suitable for single use in the \u00b5IM process. About 10% of the drug load (8.2 \u00b1 0.6 \u00b5g) was released after 6 weeks (medium: isotonic saline). The implants showed high biocompatibility over 28 days (lowest cell viability ~80%). Moreover, we found anti-inflammatory effects over 28 days in a TNF-\u03b1-reduction test. These results are promising for the development of long-term drug-releasing implants for human inner ear therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15061584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T01:36:28Z","timestamp":1684978588000},"page":"1584","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Micro Injection Molding of Drug-Loaded Round Window Niche Implants for an Animal Model Using 3D-Printed Molds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3748-4275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Mau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microfluidics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Marine Technology, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Eickner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Rostock, Friedrich-Barnewitz-Stra\u00dfe 4, 18119 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00e1bor","family":"J\u00fcttner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kunststoff-Zentrum in Leipzig gGmbH (KUZ), Erich-Zeigner-Allee 44, 04229 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9565-8838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziwen","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence \u201cHearing4all\u201d, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Stra\u00dfe 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunjiang","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence \u201cHearing4all\u201d, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Stra\u00dfe 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4436-7010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicklas","family":"Fiedler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Rostock, Friedrich-Barnewitz-Stra\u00dfe 4, 18119 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9690-8416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Volkmar","family":"Senz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Rostock, Friedrich-Barnewitz-Stra\u00dfe 4, 18119 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9307-5989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Lenarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence \u201cHearing4all\u201d, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Stra\u00dfe 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0292-0612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niels","family":"Grabow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Rostock, Friedrich-Barnewitz-Stra\u00dfe 4, 18119 Rostock, Germany"},{"name":"Department Life, Light & Matter, Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8618-8793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Verena","family":"Scheper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence \u201cHearing4all\u201d, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Stra\u00dfe 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3401-0090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hermann","family":"Seitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microfluidics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Marine Technology, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany"},{"name":"Department Life, Light & Matter, Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaao0935","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aao0935","article-title":"Delivery of therapeutics to the inner ear: The challenge of the 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