{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T03:27:14Z","timestamp":1791948434049,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\/18257-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/18257-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\/15549-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/15549-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020\/04923-0 [GP]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/04923-0 [GP]"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/26358-0 [SLRY]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/26358-0 [SLRY]"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015\/26722-8 [CW]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015\/26722-8 [CW]"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (GJRG)","award":["2018\/18257-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/18257-1"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (GJRG)","award":["2018\/15549-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/15549-1"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (GJRG)","award":["2020\/04923-0 [GP]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/04923-0 [GP]"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (GJRG)","award":["2017\/26358-0 [SLRY]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/26358-0 [SLRY]"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (GJRG)","award":["2015\/26722-8 [CW]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015\/26722-8 [CW]"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Malaria kills more than 500,000 people yearly, mainly affecting Africa and Southeast Asia. The disease is caused by the protozoan parasite from the genus Plasmodium, with Plasmodium\u00a0vivax and Plasmodium\u00a0falciparum being the main species that cause the disease in humans. Although substantial progress has been observed in malaria research in the last years, the threat of the spread of Plasmodium parasites persists. Artemisinin-resistant strains of this parasite have been reported mainly in Southeast Asia, highlighting the urgent need to develop more effective and safe antimalarial drugs. In this context, natural sources, mainly from flora, remain underexplored antimalarial spaces. The present mini-review explores this space focusing on plant extracts and some of their isolated natural products with at least in vitro antiplasmodial effects reported in the literature comprising the last five years (2018\u20132022).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15061638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]],"date-time":"2023-06-02T01:33:54Z","timestamp":1685669634000},"page":"1638","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Plant Extracts as a Source of Natural Products with Potential Antimalarial Effects: An Update from 2018 to 2022"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Giovane de Jesus Gomes","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Drug Discovery, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sun Liu","family":"Rei Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Drug Discovery, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Palmisano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GlycoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5987-1749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carsten","family":"Wrenger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Drug Discovery, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"2272","article-title":"Efficacy of Dihydroartemisinin\/Piperaquine and Artesunate Monotherapy for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in Central Vietnam","volume":"75","author":"Kattenberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6163","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33804-w","article-title":"Genome-Wide Functional Screening of Drug-Resistance Genes in Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"13","author":"Iwanaga","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022). World Malaria Report 2022."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00442-X","article-title":"Efficacy and Immunogenicity of R21\/Matrix-M Vaccine against Clinical Malaria after 2 Years\u2019 Follow-up in Children in Burkina Faso: A Phase 1\/2b Randomised Controlled Trial","volume":"22","author":"Datoo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552698","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.552698","article-title":"Genome-Wide Analysis of the Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum Isolates From Togo Reveals Selective Signals in Immune Selection-Related Antigen Genes","volume":"11","author":"Kassegne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-021-03859-z","article-title":"Decreased Prevalence of the Plasmodium falciparum Pfcrt K76T and Pfmdr1 and N86Y Mutations Post-Chloroquine Treatment Withdrawal in Katete District, Eastern Zambia","volume":"20","author":"Mulenga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-018-1174-9","article-title":"Dihydroartemisinin\u2013Piperaquine Treatment Failure in Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Case Imported from Ethiopia","volume":"46","author":"Russo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-022-04304-5","article-title":"High Prevalence of Pfcrt 76T and Pfmdr1 N86 Genotypes in Malaria Infected Patients Attending Health Facilities in East Shewa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia","volume":"21","author":"Hassen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-018-2389-z","article-title":"Reduction of Malaria Prevalence after Introduction of Artemisinin-Combination-Therapy in Mbeya Region, Tanzania: Results from a Cohort Study with 6773 Participants","volume":"17","author":"Froeschl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16474","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-21028-3","article-title":"Drug Resistance and Population Structure of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in the Peruvian Amazon","volume":"12","author":"Villena","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-015-4948-7","article-title":"The Discovery of Artemisinin and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine","volume":"58","author":"Su","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. China Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.9b01285","article-title":"Natural Products as Sources of New Drugs over the Nearly Four Decades from 01\/1981 to 09\/2019","volume":"83","author":"Newman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-017-1680-8","article-title":"Rapid Decline in the Susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum to Dihydroartemisinin\u2013Piperaquine in the South of Vietnam","volume":"16","author":"Thanh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"175","article-title":"Current Trends in the Epidemiology of Malaria","volume":"71","author":"Krsek","year":"2022","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Mikrobiol. Imunol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathmechdis-012419-032640","article-title":"New Insights into Malaria Pathogenesis","volume":"15","author":"Moxon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"(2023, March 06). Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. Boletim Epidemiol\u00f3gico Vol.53 No 17, Available online: https:\/\/www.gov.br\/saude\/pt-br\/centrais-de-conteudo\/publicacoes\/boletins\/epidemiologicos\/edicoes\/2022\/boletim-epidemiologico-vol-53-no17.pdf\/view."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-021-03998-3","article-title":"Supporting Countries to Achieve Their Malaria Elimination Goals: The WHO E-2020 Initiative","volume":"20","author":"Lindblade","year":"2021","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pan, W.-H., Xu, X.-Y., Shi, N., Tsang, S., and Zhang, H.-J. (2018). Antimalarial Activity of Plant Metabolites. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201804.0189.v1"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"272","article-title":"Antiplasmodial Medicinal Plants: A Literature Review on Efficacy, Selectivity and Phytochemistry of Crude Plant Extracts","volume":"8","author":"Kaur","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biol. Act. Prod. Nat."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112176","article-title":"A Review of the Traditional Use of Southern African Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of Malaria","volume":"245","author":"Cock","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2019.11.017","article-title":"A Literature Review on Traditional Herbal Medicines for Malaria","volume":"128","author":"Noronha","year":"2020","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-020-03231-7","article-title":"The Potential of Anti-Malarial Compounds Derived from African Medicinal Plants: A Review of Pharmacological Evaluations from 2013 to 2019","volume":"19","author":"Bekono","year":"2020","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-022-04264-w","article-title":"Medicinal Plants Used in Traditional Treatment of Malaria in Ethiopia: A Review of Ethnomedicine, Anti-Malarial and Toxicity Studies","volume":"21","author":"Nigussie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moyo, P., Mugumbate, G., Eloff, J.N., Louw, A.I., Maharaj, V.J., and Birkholtz, L.M. (2020). Natural Products: A Potential Source of Malaria Transmission Blocking Drugs?. Pharmaceuticals, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph13090251"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-0186-y","article-title":"Target Identification of Natural Medicine with Chemical Proteomics Approach: Probe Synthesis, Target Fishing and Protein Identification","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1021\/bc00024a021","article-title":"Biotinylated Isocoumarins, New Inhibitors and Reagents for Detection, Localization, and Isolation of Serine Proteases","volume":"4","author":"Kam","year":"1993","journal-title":"Bioconjug. Chem."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14694","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.26.14694","article-title":"Activity-Based Protein Profiling: The Serine Hydrolases","volume":"96","author":"Liu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s12953-017-0123-3","article-title":"Photo-Affinity Labeling (PAL) in Chemical Proteomics: A Handy Tool to Investigate Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs)","volume":"15","author":"Murale","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proteome Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1233606","article-title":"Monitoring Drug Target Engagement in Cells and Tissues Using the Cellular Thermal Shift Assay","volume":"341","author":"Molina","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4027","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.9b00500","article-title":"Proteome Integral Solubility Alteration: A High-Throughput Proteomics Assay for Target Deconvolution","volume":"18","author":"Gaetani","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaau3174","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aau3174","article-title":"Identifying Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase as the Target of Quinine Using Cellular Thermal Shift Assay","volume":"11","author":"Dziekan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21984","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0910040106","article-title":"Target Identification Using Drug Affinity Responsive Target Stability (DARTS)","volume":"106","author":"Lomenick","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.12.006","article-title":"A Map of Protein-Metabolite Interactions Reveals Principles of Chemical Communication","volume":"172","author":"Piazza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4175","DOI":"10.1021\/ac702610a","article-title":"Thermodynamic Analysis of Protein Stability and Ligand Binding Using a Chemical Modification- and Mass Spectrometry-Based Strategy","volume":"80","author":"West","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70784","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.70784","article-title":"Assessing Target Engagement Using Proteome-Wide Solvent Shift Assays","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-16-1034","article-title":"AG-221, a First-in-Class Therapy Targeting Acute Myeloid Leukemia Harboring Oncogenic IDH2 Mutations","volume":"7","author":"Yen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmedchemlett.7b00421","article-title":"Discovery of AG-120 (Ivosidenib): A First-in-Class Mutant IDH1 Inhibitor for the Treatment of IDH1 Mutant Cancers","volume":"9","author":"Lemieux","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2010.01.020","article-title":"The Common Feature of Leukemia-Associated IDH1 and IDH2 Mutations Is a Neomorphic Enzyme Activity Converting \u03b1-Ketoglutarate to 2-Hydroxyglutarate","volume":"17","author":"Ward","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08617","article-title":"Cancer-Associated IDH1 Mutations Produce 2-Hydroxyglutarate","volume":"462","author":"Dang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-019-1487-4","article-title":"Identification of Antiplasmodial Triterpenes from Keetia Species Using NMR-Based Metabolic Profiling","volume":"15","author":"Freire","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5309","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23704-9","article-title":"Metabolomic Approach for a Rapid Identification of Natural Products with Cytotoxic Activity against Human Colorectal Cancer Cells","volume":"8","author":"Graziani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-020-00114-z","article-title":"Natural Products in Drug Discovery: Advances and Opportunities","volume":"20","author":"Atanasov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-015-9448-7","article-title":"Dereplication Strategies in Natural Product Research: How Many Tools and Methodologies behind the Same Concept?","volume":"16","author":"Hubert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phytochem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"Drennan, B.W., Wicker, A.P., Berger, B.K., and Schug, K.A. (2022). Practical Application of Supercritical Fluid Chromatography for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Ketteler, R., and Kriston-Vizi, J. (2016). Encyclopedia of Cell Biology, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"Li, Z., Cvijic, M.E., and Zhang, L. (2017). Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry III, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1039\/C9NP00004F","article-title":"Innovative Omics-Based Approaches for Prioritisation and Targeted Isolation of Natural Products\u2014New Strategies for Drug Discovery","volume":"36","author":"Wolfender","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.5b00017","article-title":"Connecting Phenotype and Chemotype: High-Content Discovery Strategies for Natural Products Research","volume":"78","author":"Kurita","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-018-2298-1","article-title":"Potent Antiplasmodial Extracts and Fractions from Terminalia mantaly and Terminalia superba","volume":"17","author":"Mbouna","year":"2018","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-019-1520-7","article-title":"Untargeted LC\u2013MS Metabolomic Studies of Asteraceae Species to Discover Inhibitors of Leishmania Major Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase","volume":"15","author":"Chibli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-019-0400-9","article-title":"A Computational Framework to Explore Large-Scale Biosynthetic Diversity","volume":"16","author":"Mullowney","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3597","article-title":"Sharing and Community Curation of Mass Spectrometry Data with Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.06.029","article-title":"Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology of Chinese Salvia Species: A Review","volume":"225","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.2174\/138945009787581203","article-title":"Testing of Natural Products and Synthetic Molecules Aiming at New Antimalarials","volume":"10","author":"Krettli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02250-09","article-title":"Reliability of Antimalarial Sensitivity Tests Depends on Drug Mechanisms of Action","volume":"48","author":"Wein","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2016.01.001","article-title":"Cell Based Assays for Anti-Plasmodium Activity Evaluation","volume":"84","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.47430\/ujmr.2052.001","article-title":"In Vitro Antimalarial Activity of Extracts of Some Indigenous Plant Species in Kebbi State","volume":"5","author":"Abdulrazak","year":"2020","journal-title":"UMYU J. Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114890","article-title":"Antiplasmodial and Cytotoxic Effects of the Methanol Extract, Canthinone Alkaloids, Squalene- and Protolimonoid-Type Triterpenes from Homalolepis suffruticosa Roots","volume":"285","author":"Boeno","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112657","article-title":"In Vitro Antiplasmodial and Cytotoxicity Activities of Crude Extracts and Major Compounds from Goniothalamus lanceolatus","volume":"254","author":"Kaharudin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114076","article-title":"Evaluation of Ethnopharmacologically Selected Vitex negundo L. for In Vitro Antimalarial Activity and Secondary Metabolite Profiling","volume":"275","author":"Dwivedi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154167","article-title":"Petasites Japonicus Extract Exerts Anti-Malarial Effects by Inhibiting Platelet Activation","volume":"102","author":"Yun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.18860\/icgt.v10i0.1111","article-title":"Senna occidentalis and Cyanthillium patulum: Indonesian Herbs as Source for Antimalarial Agents","volume":"10","author":"Pratama","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Green Technol."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"135","article-title":"Aktivitas Antimalaria Daun Gempol (Nauclea orientalis (L.) L) Terhadap Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"30","author":"Budiarti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Media Penelit. Pengemb. Kesehat."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5041919","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5041919","article-title":"The in Vitro Antiplasmodial Activities of Aqueous Extracts of Selected Ghanaian Herbal Plants","volume":"2020","author":"Cudjoe","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7390385","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7390385","article-title":"Various Parts of Helianthus annuus Plants as New Sources of Antimalarial Drugs","volume":"2019","author":"Ekasari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Evid.-Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.34172\/bi.2020.19","article-title":"Evaluation of Antiplasmodial Activity of Extracts from Endemic Medicinal Plants Used to Treat Malaria in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire","volume":"10","author":"Koffi","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioImpacts"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sevik Kilicaslan, O., Cretton, S., Quir\u00f3s-Guerrero, L., Bella, M.A., Kaiser, M., M\u00e4ser, P., Ndongo, J.T., and Cuendet, M. (2022). Isolation and Structural Elucidation of Compounds from Pleiocarpa bicarpellata and Their In Vitro Antiprotozoal Activity. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27072200"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-021-01833-z","article-title":"In Vitro Antiplasmodial Activity, Targeted LC\u2013MS Metabolite Profiling, and Identification of Major Natural Products in the Bioactive Extracts of Palicourea and Psychotria Species from the Amazonia and Atlantic Forest Biomes, Brazil","volume":"17","author":"Gontijo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s43088-021-00098-8","article-title":"Diterpenoids as Potential Anti-Malarial Compounds from Andrographis paniculata","volume":"10","author":"Dwivedi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Beni-Suef Univ. J. Basic Appl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaniad, P., Techarang, T., Phuwajaroanpong, A., Horata, N., Septama, A.W., and Punsawad, C. (2022). Exploring Potential Antimalarial Candidate from Medicinal Plants of Kheaw Hom Remedy. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis., 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed7110368"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wahyuni, D.K., Wacharasindhu, S., Bankeeree, W., Wahyuningsih, S.P.A., Ekasari, W., Purnobasuki, H., Punnapayak, H., and Prasongsuk, S. (2023). In Vitro and in Vivo Antiplasmodial Activities of Leaf Extracts from Sonchus arvensis L.. BMC Complement. Med. Ther., 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-023-03871-7"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaniad, P., Techarang, T., Phuwajaroanpong, A., Plirat, W., Viriyavejakul, P., Septama, A.W., and Punsawad, C. (2023). Antimalarial Efficacy and Toxicological Assessment of Medicinal Plant Ingredients of Prabchompoothaweep Remedy as a Candidate for Antimalarial Drug Development. BMC Complement. Med. Ther., 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-023-03835-x"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcab.2022.102572","article-title":"Pluripharmacological Potential of Mascarene Endemic Plant Leaf Extracts","volume":"47","author":"Rummun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biocatal. Agric. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113424","article-title":"In Vitro and in Vivo Antiplasmodial Activity of Hydroethanolic Bark Extract of Bridelia atroviridis M\u00fcll. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) and Lc-Ms-Based Phytochemical Analysis","volume":"266","author":"Djouwoug","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115807","article-title":"Antiplasmodial and Antimalarial Evaluation of a Nigerian Hepta-Herbal Agbo-Iba Decoction: Identification of Magic Bullets and Possible Facilitators of Drug Action","volume":"301","author":"Erhunse","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7323","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-07252-2","article-title":"A Mega-Phylogeny of the Annonaceae: Taxonomic Placement of Five Enigmatic Genera and Support for a New Tribe, Phoenicantheae","volume":"7","author":"Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2018008","article-title":"Antiparasitic Activity in Asteraceae with Special Attention to Ethnobotanical Use by the Tribes of Odisha, India","volume":"25","author":"Panda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mogaka, S., Molu, H., Kagasi, E., Ogila, K., Waihenya, R., Onditi, F., and Ozwara, H. (2023). Senna occidentalis (L.) Link Root Extract Inhibits Plasmodium Growth in Vitro and in Mice. BMC Complement. Med. Ther., 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-023-03854-8"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ledoux, A., Hamann, C., Bonnet, O., Jullien, K., Quetin-Leclercq, J., Tchinda, A., Smadja, J., Gauvin-Bialecki, A., Maquoi, E., and Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rich, M. (2023). Bioactive Clerodane Diterpenoids from the Leaves of Casearia coriacea Vent. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28031197"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2020.107851","article-title":"Antimalarial Alkaloid from Hypoestes Forskaolii","volume":"211","author":"Abdallah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113185","article-title":"Chemical Profiling and Quantification of Potential Active Constituents Responsible for the Antiplasmodial Activity of Cissampelos Pareira","volume":"262","author":"Bhatt","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114931","article-title":"Antiplasmodial Diterpenoid Alkaloid from Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. Ex Royle: Isolation, Characterization, and UHPLC-DAD Based Quantification","volume":"287","author":"Anmol","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keita, A., Franetich, J.-F., Carraz, M., Valentin, L., Bordessoules, M., Baron, L., Bigeard, P., Dupuy, F., Geay, V., and Tefit, M. (2022). Potent Antiplasmodial Derivatives of Dextromethorphan Reveal the Ent-Morphinan Pharmacophore of Tazopsine-Type Alkaloids. Pharmaceutics, 14.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202201.0063.v1"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1157-9463","article-title":"Investigation of Antiplasmodial Effects of Terpenoid Compounds Isolated from Myrrh","volume":"86","author":"Greve","year":"2020","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.0c01119","article-title":"Antiplasmodial Oleanane Triterpenoids from Terminalia albida Root Bark","volume":"84","author":"Tuenter","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nyandoro, S.S., Maeda, G., Munissi, J.J.E., Gruhonjic, A., Fitzpatrick, P.A., Lindblad, S., Duffy, S., Pelletier, J., Pan, F., and Puttreddy, R. (2019). A New Benzopyranyl Cadenane Sesquiterpene and Other Antiplasmodial and Cytotoxic Metabolites from Cleistochlamys kirkii. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24152746"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2020.103925","article-title":"Antimalarial Diterpenoids from Vitex Rotundifolia: Isolation, Structure Elucidation, and in Vitro Antiplasmodial Activity","volume":"100","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Djoumessi, A.K., Nono, R.N., Neumann, B., Stammler, H.-G., Bitchagno, G.T.M., Efange, N.M., Nkenfou, C.N., Ayong, L., Lenta, B.N., and Sewald, N. (2023). Constituents of the Stem Bark of Trichilia monadelpha (Thonn.) J. J. De Wilde (Meliaceae) and Their Antibacterial and Antiplasmodial Activities. Metabolites, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13020298"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.2c01007","article-title":"Crotofolane Diterpenoids and Other Constituents Isolated from Croton kilwae","volume":"86","author":"Mahambo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.6b00744","article-title":"Nanomolar Antimalarial Agents against Chloroquine-Resistant Plasmodium falciparum from Medicinal Plants and Their Structure\u2013Activity Relationships","volume":"80","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1007\/s11426-021-1124-x","article-title":"Picomolar Antimalarial Agent from a Chinese Medicinal Plant","volume":"65","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. China Chem."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.9b00721","article-title":"A Meroisoprenoid, Heptenolides, and C-Benzylated Flavonoids from Sphaerocoryne gracilis ssp. Gracilis","volume":"83","author":"Maeda","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.9b01064","article-title":"Galtonosides A-E: Antiproliferative and Antiplasmodial Cholestane Glycosides from Galtonia regalis","volume":"83","author":"Du","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_94","unstructured":"Herlina, T., Rudiana, T., Julaeha, E., and Parubak, A.S. Flavonoids from Stem Bark of Akway (Drymis beccariana Gibs) and Theirs Antimalarial Properties. Proceedings of the Journal of Physics: Conference Series."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"V\u00e1squez-Ocm\u00edn, P.G., Gallard, J.-F., Van Baelen, A.-C., Leblanc, K., Cojean, S., Mouray, E., Grellier, P., Guerra, C.A.A., Beniddir, M.A., and Evanno, L. (2022). Biodereplication of Antiplasmodial Extracts: Application of the Amazonian Medicinal Plant Piper coruscans Kunth. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27217638"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dawurung, C.J., Nguyen, M.T.H., Pengon, J., Dokladda, K., Bunyong, R., Rattanajak, R., Kamchonwongpaisan, S., Nguyen, P.T.M., and Pyne, S.G. (2021). Isolation of Bioactive Compounds from Medicinal Plants Used in Traditional Medicine: Rautandiol B, a Potential Lead Compound against Plasmodium falciparum. BMC Complement. Med. Ther., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-021-03406-y"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115551","article-title":"In Vitro Dual Activity of Aloe Marlothii Roots and Its Chemical Constituents against Plasmodium falciparum Asexual and Sexual Stage Parasites","volume":"297","author":"Mianda","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2022.102675","article-title":"Quebrachitol from Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. (Putranjivaceae) a Potent Antimalarial: Pre-Clinical Efficacy and Its Interaction with PfLDH","volume":"92","author":"Mishra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Parasitol. Int."}],"container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4923\/15\/6\/1638\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:47:00Z","timestamp":1760125620000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4923\/15\/6\/1638"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["pharmaceutics15061638"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics15061638","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4923"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4923","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]}}}