{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T19:48:11Z","timestamp":1792007291017,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the European Regional Development Fund by the Competitiveness Operational Programme 2014\u20132020","award":["IDP_40_443, Contract no. 86\/8.09.2016, SMIS 105689"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IDP_40_443, Contract no. 86\/8.09.2016, SMIS 105689"]}]},{"name":"Axis 1Research, Technological Development and Innovation","award":["IDP_40_443, Contract no. 86\/8.09.2016, SMIS 105689"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IDP_40_443, Contract no. 86\/8.09.2016, SMIS 105689"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The therapeutic efficiency of plant extracts has been limited by their poor pharmaceutical availability. Hydrogels have promising potential to be applied as wound dressings due to their high capacity to absorb exudates and their enhanced performance in loading and releasing plant extracts. In this work, pullulan\/poly (vinyl alcohol) (P\/PVA) hydrogels were first prepared using an eco-friendly method based on both a covalent and physical cross-linking approach. Then, the hydrogels were loaded with the hydroalcoholic extract of Calendula officinalis by a simple post-loading immersion method. Different loading capacities were investigated in terms of the physico-chemical properties, chemical composition, mechanical properties, and water absorption. The hydrogels exhibited high loading efficiency due to the hydrogen bonding interactions between polymer and extract. The water retention capacity as well as the mechanical properties decreased with the increase in the extract amount in hydrogel. However, higher amounts of extract in the hydrogel improved the bioadhesiveness. The release of extract from hydrogels was controlled by the Fickian diffusion mechanism. Extract-loaded hydrogels expressed high antioxidant activity, reaching 70% DPPH radical scavenging after 15 min immersion in buffer solution at pH 5.5. Additionally, loaded hydrogels showed a high antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and were non-cytotoxic against HDFa cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15061674","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T01:34:32Z","timestamp":1686188072000},"page":"1674","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Pullulan\/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Hydrogels Loaded with Calendula officinalis Extract: Design and In Vitro Evaluation for Wound Healing Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Irina Mihaela","family":"Pelin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cPetru Poni\u201d Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Gr. Ghica Voda Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihaela","family":"Silion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cPetru Poni\u201d Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Gr. Ghica Voda Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6449-8408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina","family":"Popescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cPetru Poni\u201d Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Gr. Ghica Voda Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0982-0040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina Mihaela","family":"R\u00eembu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine \u201cIon Ionescu de la Brad\u201d, University of Life Science, 8 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 707027 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gheorghe","family":"Fundueanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cPetru Poni\u201d Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Gr. Ghica Voda Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3810-6145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marieta","family":"Constantin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cPetru Poni\u201d Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Gr. 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