{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T02:32:04Z","timestamp":1788834724203,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686873600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009392","name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PSAU\/2023\/R\/1444"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PSAU\/2023\/R\/1444"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009392","name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PNURSP2023R205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2023R205"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009392","name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RSPD2023R620"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSPD2023R620"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","award":["PSAU\/2023\/R\/1444"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PSAU\/2023\/R\/1444"]}]},{"name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","award":["PNURSP2023R205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2023R205"]}]},{"name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","award":["RSPD2023R620"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSPD2023R620"]}]},{"name":"King Saud University","award":["PSAU\/2023\/R\/1444"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PSAU\/2023\/R\/1444"]}]},{"name":"King Saud University","award":["PNURSP2023R205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2023R205"]}]},{"name":"King Saud University","award":["RSPD2023R620"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSPD2023R620"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study demonstrates high drug-loading of novel pyridine derivatives (S1\u2013S4) in lipid- and polymer-based core\u2013shell nanocapsules (LPNCs) for boosting the anticancer efficiency and alleviating toxicity of these novel pyridine derivatives. The nanocapsules were fabricated using a nanoprecipitation technique and characterized for particle size, surface morphology, and entrapment efficiency. The prepared nanocapsules exhibited a particle size ranging from 185.0 \u00b1 17.4 to 223.0 \u00b1 15.3 nm and a drug entrapment of &gt;90%. The microscopic evaluation demonstrated spherical-shaped nanocapsules with distinct core\u2013shell structures. The in vitro release study depicted a biphasic and sustained release pattern of test compounds from the nanocapsules. In addition, it was obvious from the cytotoxicity studies that the nanocapsules showed superior cytotoxicity against both MCF-7 and A549 cancer cell lines, as manifested by a significant decrease in the IC50 value compared to free test compounds. The in vivo antitumor efficacy of the optimized nanocapsule formulation (S4-loaded LPNCs) was investigated in an Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) solid tumor-bearing mice model. Interestingly, the entrapment of the test compound (S4) within LPNCs remarkably triggered superior tumor growth inhibition when compared with either free S4 or the standard anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil. Such enhanced in vivo antitumor activity was accompanied by a remarkable increase in animal life span. Furthermore, the S4-loaded LPNC formulation was tolerated well by treated animals, as evidenced by the absence of any signs of acute toxicity or alterations in biochemical markers of liver and kidney functions. Collectively, our findings clearly underscore the therapeutic potential of S4-loaded LPNCs over free S4 in conquering EAC solid tumors, presumably via granting efficient delivery of adequate concentrations of the entrapped drug to the target site.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15061755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T10:19:22Z","timestamp":1686910762000},"page":"1755","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["In Vitro Cytotoxicity and In Vivo Antitumor Activity of Lipid Nanocapsules Loaded with Novel Pyridine Derivatives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7385-868X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amr Selim","family":"Abu Lila","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4150-7863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Amran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Thamar University, Thamar 87246, Yemen"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Al-Manara College for Medical Sciences, Maysan 62001, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4014-6074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"Tantawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt"},{"name":"Stem Cells Lab, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehssan H.","family":"Moglad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Institute, National Center for Research, Khartoum 2404, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7714-2267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shadeed","family":"Gad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2821-9373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hadil Faris","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7532-6318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad J.","family":"Obaidullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3741-0893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"El-Sayed","family":"Khafagy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrpr.2017.07.001","article-title":"Review of cancer from perspective of molecular","volume":"4","author":"Hassanpour","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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