{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T10:06:53Z","timestamp":1792058813041,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]],"date-time":"2023-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intranasal corticosteroids are effective medications against allergic rhinitis (AR). However, mucociliary clearance promptly eliminates these drugs from the nasal cavity and delays their onset of action. Therefore, a faster, longer-lasting therapeutic effect on the nasal mucosa is required to enhance the efficacy of AR management. Our previous study showed that polyarginine, a cell-penetrating peptide, can deliver cargo to nasal cells; moreover, polyarginine-mediated cell-nonspecific protein transduction into the nasal epithelium exhibited high transfection efficiency with minimal cytotoxicity. In this study, poly-arginine-fused forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) protein, the \u201cmaster transcriptional regulator\u201d of regulatory T cells (Tregs), was administered into the bilateral nasal cavities of the ovalbumin (OVA)-immunoglobulin E mouse model of AR. The effects of these proteins on AR following OVA administration were investigated using histopathological, nasal symptom, flow cytometry, and cytokine dot blot analyses. Polyarginine-mediated FOXP3 protein transduction induced Treg-like cell generation in the nasal epithelium and allergen tolerance. Overall, this study proposes FOXP3 activation-mediated Treg induction as a novel and potential therapeutic strategy for AR, providing a potential alternative to conventional intranasal drug application for nasal drug delivery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15061770","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]],"date-time":"2023-06-20T01:37:38Z","timestamp":1687225058000},"page":"1770","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Arginine-Rich Cell-Penetrating Peptide-Mediated Transduction of Mouse Nasal Cells with FOXP3 Protein Alleviates Allergic Rhinitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5977-0056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toru","family":"Miwa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 5458585, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6577575, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumi","family":"Takemiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 5458585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuki","family":"Amesara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 5458585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroko","family":"Kawai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 5458585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuichi","family":"Teranishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 5458585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.11.001","article-title":"Japanese Guidelines for Allergic Rhinitis 2017","volume":"66","author":"Okubo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Allergol. 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