{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T01:40:52Z","timestamp":1790214052192,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,24]],"date-time":"2023-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Typically, antibody\u2013drug conjugates (ADCs) are made up of a humanized antibody and a small-molecule medication connected by a chemical linker. ADCs\u2019 ability to deliver cytotoxic agents to the specific site with reduced side effects showed promising results in oncology. To date, fourteen ADCs have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, and approximately 297 ADCs are in pre-clinical\/clinical stages in the oncology area. Inspired by these outcomes, a few scientists explored the potential of antibody\u2013drug conjugates in non-oncological conditions such as arthritis, myasthenia gravis, immunological disorders, and kidney failure. However, there are limited data available on the non-oncological applications of antibody\u2013drug conjugates. This current review focuses on the non-oncological applications of antibody\u2013drug conjugates, their developmental studies, testing procedures, in vitro evaluations, and pre-clinical testing. Additionally, a summary of the restrictions, difficulties, and prospects for ADCs in non-oncological applications is provided.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15071807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T02:23:09Z","timestamp":1687746189000},"page":"1807","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["An Overview of the Development and Preclinical Evaluation of Antibody\u2013Drug Conjugates for Non-Oncological Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6400-4258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lal Bahadur","family":"Pal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulations), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781101, Assam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prajakta","family":"Bule","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulations), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781101, Assam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5365-9648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wahid","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natco Research Centre, Natco Pharma Ltd., Hyderabad 500018, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0655-2688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naveen","family":"Chella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulations), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781101, Assam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tong, J.T., Harris, P.W., Brimble, M.A., and Kavianinia, I. 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