{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T14:24:35Z","timestamp":1791815075875,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,25]],"date-time":"2023-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["92249303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["92249303"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82172098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82172098"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21QA1412000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21QA1412000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Shanghai Rising-Star Program","award":["92249303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["92249303"]}]},{"name":"the Shanghai Rising-Star Program","award":["82172098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82172098"]}]},{"name":"the Shanghai Rising-Star Program","award":["21QA1412000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21QA1412000"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of the joints characterized by cartilage damage and severe pain. Despite various pharmacological and surgical interventions, current therapies fail to halt OA progression, leading to high morbidity and an economic burden. Thus, there is an urgent need for alternative therapeutic approaches that can effectively address the underlying pathophysiology of OA. Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) represent a new paradigm in OA treatment. MSC-EVs are small membranous particles released by MSCs during culture, both in vitro and in vivo. They possess regenerative properties and can attenuate inflammation, thereby promoting cartilage healing. Importantly, MSC-EVs have several advantages over MSCs as cell-based therapies, including lower risks of immune reactions and ethical issues. Researchers have recently explored different strategies, such as modifying EVs to enhance their delivery, targeting efficiency, and security, with promising results. This article reviews how MSC-EVs can help treat OA and how they might work. It also briefly discusses the benefits and challenges of using MSC-EVs and talks about the possibility of allogeneic and autologous MSC-EVs for medical use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15071814","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T02:23:09Z","timestamp":1687746189000},"page":"1814","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Mesenchymal Stromal Cells-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Treatments for Osteoarthritis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Shunling","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangfeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Trauma, Shanghai Zhongye Hospital, Shanghai 200941, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8287-3259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinbo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Rehabilitation Center of Joint Logistics Support Force, Tianjin 300110, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Trauma, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiacan","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"},{"name":"Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Materials Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"},{"name":"Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengjin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi\u2019an Jiao Tong University, Xi\u2019an 710000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32230-3","article-title":"Osteoarthritis in 2020 and beyond: A Lancet Commission","volume":"396","author":"Hunter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.22171","article-title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis: A Review","volume":"325","author":"Katz","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2019.07.002","article-title":"Clinical, Humanistic, and Economic Burden of Osteoarthritis among Noninstitutionalized Adults in the United States","volume":"27","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. 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