{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T16:42:22Z","timestamp":1789058542795,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,9]],"date-time":"2023-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo (ANID)","award":["3210533"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3210533"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A novel co-encapsulation system called bicosomes (bicelles within liposomes) has been developed to overcome the limitations associated with the topical application of curcumin (cur) and \u03b1-tocopherol (\u03b1-toc). The physicochemical properties and biological activity in vitro of bicosome systems were evaluated. Bicelles were prepared with DPPC, DHPC, cur, and \u03b1-toc (cur\/\u03b1-toc-bicelles). Liposomal vesicles loading cur\/\u03b1-toc-bicelles were prepared with Lipoid P-100 and cholesterol-forming cur\/\u03b1-toc-bicosomes. Three cur\/\u03b1-toc-bicosomes were evaluated using different total lipid percentages (12, 16, and 20% w\/v). The results indicated that formulations manage to solubilize cur and \u03b1-toc in homogeneous bicelles &lt; 20 nm, while the bicosomes reaches 303\u2013420 nm depending on the total lipid percentage in the systems. Bicosomes demonstrated high-encapsulation efficiency (EE) for cur (56\u201377%) and \u03b1-toc (51\u201365%). The loading capacity (LC) for both antioxidant compounds was 52\u201367%. In addition, cur\/\u03b1-toc-bicosomes decreased the lipid oxidation by 52% and increased the antioxidant activity by 60% compared to unloaded bicosomes. The cell viability of these cur\/\u03b1-toc-bicosomes was &gt;85% in fibroblasts (3T3L1\/CL-173\u2122) and \u226565% in keratinocytes (Ha-CaT) and proved to be hematologically compatible. The cur\/\u03b1-toc-bicelles and cur\/\u03b1-toc-bicosomes inhibited the growth of C. albicans in a range between 33 and 76%. Our results propose bicosome systems as a novel carrier able to co-encapsulate, solubilize, protect, and improve the delivery performance of antioxidant molecules. The relevance of these findings is based on the synergistic antioxidant effect of its components, its biocompatibility, and its efficacy for dermal tissue treatment damaged by oxidative stress or by the presence of C. albicans. However, further studies are needed to assess the efficacy and safety of cur\/\u03b1-toc bicosomes in vitro and in vivo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15071912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T00:45:37Z","timestamp":1688949937000},"page":"1912","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Co-Encapsulation of Curcumin and \u03b1-Tocopherol in Bicosome Systems: Physicochemical Properties and Biological Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Daniela","family":"Vergara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine\u2014Scientific Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Surfactant Technology, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), C\/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5558-5032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Sanhueza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine\u2014Scientific Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catalina","family":"Ch\u00e1vez-Aravena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Bioproducts, Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT), Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Villagra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Bioproducts, Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT), Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariela","family":"Bustamante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Food Biotechnology and Bioseparations, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7060-0656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisca","family":"Acevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine\u2014Scientific Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile"},{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2021.12.024","article-title":"Impact of visible light on skin health: The role of antioxidants and free radical quenchers in skin protection","volume":"86","author":"Lim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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