{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T10:31:24Z","timestamp":1784543484388,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Proyecto Canon Minero","award":["0262\u20132021\/UNT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0262\u20132021\/UNT"]}]},{"name":"Proyecto Canon Minero","award":["VRIIP0056-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VRIIP0056-21"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019586","name":"Fondo Interno VRII-UNAP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0262\u20132021\/UNT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0262\u20132021\/UNT"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019586","name":"Fondo Interno VRII-UNAP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VRIIP0056-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VRIIP0056-21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Infusions of Valeriana pilosa are commonly used in Peruvian folk medicine for treating gastrointestinal disorders. This study aimed to investigate the spasmolytic and antispasmodic effects of Valeriana pilosa essential oil (VPEO) on rat ileum. The basal tone of ileal sections decreased in response to accumulative concentrations of VPEO. Moreover, ileal sections precontracted with acetylcholine (ACh), potassium chloride (KCl), or barium chloride (BaCl2) were relaxed in response to VPEO by a mechanism that depended on atropine, hyoscine butylbromide, solifenacin, and verapamil, but not glibenclamide. The results showed that VPEO produced a relaxant effect by inhibiting muscarinic receptors and blocking calcium channels, with no apparent effect on the opening of potassium channels. In addition, molecular docking was employed to evaluate VPEO constituents that could inhibit intestinal contractile activity. The study showed that \u03b1-cubebene, \u03b2-patchoulene, \u03b2-bourbonene, \u03b2-caryophyllene, \u03b1-guaiene, \u03b3-muurolene, valencene, eremophyllene, and \u03b4-cadinene displayed the highest docking scores on muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and voltage-gated calcium channels, which may antagonize M2 and\/or M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and block voltage-gated calcium channels. In summary, VPEO has both spasmolytic and antispasmodic effects. It may block muscarinic receptors and calcium channels, thus providing a scientific basis for its traditional use for gastrointestinal disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15082072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T10:57:33Z","timestamp":1690973853000},"page":"2072","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Antispasmodic Effect of Valeriana pilosa Root Essential Oil and Potential Mechanisms of Action: Ex Vivo and In Silico Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0011-7957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Yba\u00f1ez-Julca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo 13011, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4756-1115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Pino-R\u00edos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qu\u00edmica y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique 1100000, Chile"},{"name":"Instituto de Estudios de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique 1100000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8515-0654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iv\u00e1n","family":"Quispe-D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo 13011, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7498-2121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Asunci\u00f3n-Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo 13011, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4095-5173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edwin","family":"Acu\u00f1a-Tarrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo 13011, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Mantilla-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo 13011, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Minchan-Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo 13011, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3544-2821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo","family":"Catal\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Fisiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liz","family":"Zevallos-Escobar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Farmacia y Bioqu\u00edmica, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica Los \u00c1ngeles de Chimbote, Chimbote 02801, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9059-6394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edison","family":"V\u00e1squez-Corales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Farmacia y Bioqu\u00edmica, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica Los \u00c1ngeles de Chimbote, Chimbote 02801, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8993-9353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osvaldo","family":"Y\u00e1\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda y Negocios, Universidad de las Am\u00e9ricas, Santiago 7500000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1240-7612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wilfredo","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Alvarado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional de la Amazon\u00eda 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