{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T23:35:46Z","timestamp":1791588946529,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory, multisystemic disease which affects approximately 2\u20133% of the population globally, whose onset is triggered by genetic and environmental factors which activate both dendritic cells and keratinocytes, resulting in the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 17, interleukin 23, interleukin 22, and interleukin 1\u03b2. An in-depth understanding of the pathophysiology of psoriasis led to significant advances in the development of safe and efficient novel therapeutic options, with four classes of biologic therapy being approved for the management of moderate to severe psoriasis: tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors, interleukin 23 inhibitors, anti-interleukin 12\/23 agents, anti-interleukin 17 agents, as well as small-molecule inhibitors, such as apremilast. Psoriasis is associated with comorbid conditions, namely psoriatic arthritis, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, psychiatric disorders, malignancy, as well as inflammatory bowel disease. For patients affected by both psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease, there is a strong recommendation to avoid IL-17 inhibitors since they may play a part in the exacerbation of the gastrointestinal disease. Our aim was to perform a thorough literature review regarding the development of inflammatory bowel disease lesions in psoriasis patients treated with IL-17 inhibitors, along with a case presentation to emphasize the need for close follow-up of these patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15082171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T08:53:31Z","timestamp":1692608011000},"page":"2171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["An Insight on the Possible Association between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Biologic Therapy with IL-17 Inhibitors in Psoriasis Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Olgu\u021ba Anca","family":"Orzan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncologic Dermatology, \u2018Carol Davila\u2019 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, \u2018Elias\u2019 University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5348-0341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristian George","family":"\u021aieranu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, \u2018Carol Davila\u2019 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, \u2018Elias\u2019 Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrei Ovidiu","family":"Olteanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, \u2018Carol Davila\u2019 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, \u2018Elias\u2019 Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7752-7930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra Maria","family":"Doroban\u021bu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, \u2018Elias\u2019 University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anca","family":"Cojocaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, \u2018Elias\u2019 University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1436-0088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mara M\u0103d\u0103lina","family":"Mihai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncologic Dermatology, \u2018Carol Davila\u2019 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, \u2018Elias\u2019 University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liliana Gabriela","family":"Popa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncologic Dermatology, \u2018Carol Davila\u2019 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, \u2018Elias\u2019 University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Maria","family":"Gheorghiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, \u2018Carol Davila\u2019 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, \u2018Cantacuzino\u2019 Hospital, 011438 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u0103lin","family":"Giurc\u0103neanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncologic Dermatology, \u2018Carol Davila\u2019 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, \u2018Elias\u2019 University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4214-4446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Ion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, \u2018Elias\u2019 University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61909-7","article-title":"Psoriasis","volume":"386","author":"Boehncke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-015-0539-8","article-title":"Update on psoriasis immunopathogenesis and targeted immunotherapy","volume":"38","author":"Mahil","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2002.01749.x","article-title":"Searching for the major histocompatibility complex psoriasis susceptibility gene","volume":"118","author":"Capon","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2008.06.008","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides and self-DNA in autoimmune skin inflammation","volume":"20","author":"Gilliet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5621","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6621","article-title":"The antimicrobial peptide LL37 is a T-cell autoantigen in psoriasis","volume":"5","author":"Lande","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2320","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.167","article-title":"Genetics of psoriasis: Evidence for epistatic interaction between skin barrier abnormalities and immune deviation","volume":"132","author":"Bergboer","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.02.007","article-title":"Critical regulation of early Th17 cell differentiation by interleukin-1 signaling","volume":"30","author":"Chung","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-12-3793","article-title":"Transgenic delivery of VEGF to mouse skin leads to an inflammatory condition resembling human psoriasis","volume":"102","author":"Xia","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3183","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20071094","article-title":"Amelioration of epidermal hyperplasia by TNF inhibition is associated with reduced Th17 responses","volume":"204","author":"Zaba","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050500","article-title":"Plasmacytoid predendritic cells initiate psoriasis through interferon-alpha production","volume":"202","author":"Nestle","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0625.2000.009001001.x","article-title":"Role of neutrophils in induction of acute inflammation in T-cell-mediated immune dermatosis, psoriasis: A neutrophil-associated inflammation-boosting loop","volume":"9","author":"Terui","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12710","article-title":"Evidence that a neutrophil-keratinocyte crosstalk is an early target of IL-17A inhibition in psoriasis","volume":"24","author":"Reich","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00510050","article-title":"Immunocompetent cells in psoriasis. In situ immunophenotyping by monoclonal antibodies","volume":"275","author":"Bos","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2009.399","article-title":"Circulating Th17, Th22, and Th1 cells are increased in psoriasis","volume":"130","author":"Kagami","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-007-0397-0","article-title":"Sequence variants in the genes for the interleukin-23 receptor (IL23R) and its ligand (IL12B) confer protection against psoriasis","volume":"122","author":"Capon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.03.018","article-title":"Identification of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and other molecules that distinguish inflammatory from resident dendritic cells in patients with psoriasis","volume":"125","author":"Zaba","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2011.458","article-title":"A single intradermal injection of IFN-\u03b3 induces an inflammatory state in both non-lesional psoriatic and healthy skin","volume":"132","author":"Pierson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2467","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001426","article-title":"The IFN-gamma-dependent suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 promoter activity is positively regulated by IFN regulatory factor-1 and Sp1 but repressed by growth factor independence-1b and Kr\u00fcppel-like factor-4, and it is dysregulated in psoriatic keratinocytes","volume":"185","author":"Madonna","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.311","article-title":"Genome-wide scan reveals association of psoriasis with IL-23 and NF-kappaB pathways","volume":"41","author":"Nair","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sder.2010.02.001","article-title":"Anti-p40 antibodies ustekinumab and briakinumab: Blockade of interleukin-12 and interleukin-23 in the treatment of psoriasis","volume":"29","author":"Gandhi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin. Cutan. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0083-6729(06)74010-9","article-title":"The IL-17 cytokine family","volume":"74","author":"Gaffen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vitam. Horm."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.04.024","article-title":"IL-17A is essential for cell activation and inflammatory gene circuits in subjects with psoriasis","volume":"130","author":"Krueger","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20061308","article-title":"Interleukin (IL)-22 and IL-17 are coexpressed by Th17 cells and cooperatively enhance expression of antimicrobial peptides","volume":"203","author":"Liang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3170","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803721","article-title":"IL-6 signaling in psoriasis prevents immune suppression by regulatory T cells","volume":"183","author":"Goodman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2010.340","article-title":"Integrative responses to IL-17 and TNF-\u03b1 in human keratinocytes account for key inflammatory pathogenic circuits in psoriasis","volume":"131","author":"Chiricozzi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s40259-022-00569-z","article-title":"Biologic and Small-Molecule Therapies for Moderate-to-Severe Psoriasis: Focus on Psoriasis Comorbidities","volume":"37","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"BioDrugs"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ion, A., Doroban\u021bu, A.M., Popa, L.G., Mihai, M.M., and Orzan, O.A. (2022). Risks of Biologic Therapy and the Importance of Multidisciplinary Approach for an Accurate Management of Patients with Moderate-Severe Psoriasis and Concomitant Diseases. Biology, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11060808"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2018.3631","article-title":"Association of Psoriasis with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"154","author":"Fu","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjz152","article-title":"Global Prevalence and Bidirectional Association Between Psoriasis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease-A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Alinaghi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Crohn\u2019s Colitis"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.07.069","article-title":"Effects of adalimumab therapy on incidence of hospitalization and surgery in Crohn\u2019s disease: Results from the CHARM study","volume":"135","author":"Feagan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2014.04.012","article-title":"Long-term safety and efficacy of adalimumab in Japanese patients with moderate to severe Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"8","author":"Watanabe","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Crohn\u2019s Colitis"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2010.04466.x","article-title":"The CHOICE trial: Adalimumab demonstrates safety, fistula healing, improved quality of life and increased work productivity in patients with Crohn\u2019s disease who failed prior infliximab therapy","volume":"32","author":"Lichtiger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1602773","article-title":"Ustekinumab as Induction and Maintenance Therapy for Crohn\u2019s Disease","volume":"375","author":"Feagan","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.06.037","article-title":"Effects of Ustekinumab on Histologic Disease Activity in Patients with Crohn\u2019s Disease","volume":"157","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.14740\/gr1194","article-title":"Comparative Effectiveness of Ustekinumab Versus Adalimumab in Induction of Clinical Response and Remission in Crohn\u2019s Disease: Experience of a Real-World Cohort at a Tertiary Care Inflammatory Bowel Disease Referral Center","volume":"12","author":"Ahmed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15370","article-title":"Increased risk of developing Crohn\u2019s disease or ulcerative colitis in 17 018 patients while under treatment with anti-TNF\u03b1 agents, particularly etanercept, for autoimmune diseases other than inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"50","author":"Korzenik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.08009.x","article-title":"Development of Crohn disease in a patient on etanercept for psoriasis","volume":"157","author":"Ahmad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.12119","article-title":"Manifestation of Crohn\u2019s disease in a young woman during the course of treatment for severe form of chronic plaque psoriasis with etanercept","volume":"27","author":"Tichy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1512711","article-title":"Phase 3 Trials of Ixekizumab in Moderate-to-Severe Plaque Psoriasis","volume":"375","author":"Gordon","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.10.027","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease among patients with psoriasis treated with ixekizumab: A presentation of adjudicated data from an integrated database of 7 randomized controlled and uncontrolled trials","volume":"76","author":"Reich","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-214273","article-title":"Incidence rates of inflammatory bowel disease in patients with psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis treated with secukinumab: A retrospective analysis of pooled data from 21 clinical trials","volume":"78","author":"Schreiber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30570-6","article-title":"Induction therapy with the selective interleukin-23 inhibitor risankizumab in patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn\u2019s disease: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 study","volume":"389","author":"Feagan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(18)30233-4","article-title":"Risankizumab in patients with moderate to severe Crohn\u2019s disease: An open-label extension study","volume":"3","author":"Feagan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.01.047","article-title":"Guselkumab for the Treatment of Crohn\u2019s Disease: Induction Results from the Phase 2 GALAXI-1 Study","volume":"162","author":"Sandborn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e84","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izz033","article-title":"A Case Report of Successful Treatment of Crohn\u2019s Disease and Psoriasis with Guselkumab","volume":"25","author":"Grossberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2019.1654067","article-title":"Guselkumab in the treatment of concomitant hidradenitis suppurativa, psoriasis, and Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"32","author":"Berman","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dermatolog. Treat."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00466-4","article-title":"Risankizumab as maintenance therapy for moderately to severely active Crohn\u2019s disease: Results from the multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, withdrawal phase 3 FORTIFY maintenance trial","volume":"399","author":"Ferrante","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjy055","article-title":"The Effects of Ustekinumab on Health-related Quality of Life in Patients with Moderate to Severe Crohn\u2019s Disease","volume":"12","author":"Sands","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Crohn\u2019s Colitis"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2022.2909","article-title":"Drug Survival Associated with Effectiveness and Safety of Treatment with Guselkumab, Ixekizumab, Secukinumab, Ustekinumab, and Adalimumab in Patients with Psoriasis","volume":"158","author":"Yiu","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith, M.K., Pai, J., Panaccione, R., Beck, P., Ferraz, J.G., and Jijon, H. (2019). Crohn\u2019s-like disease in a patient exposed to anti-Interleukin-17 blockade (Ixekizumab) for the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis: A case report. BMC Gastroenterol., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-019-1067-0"},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"389404","article-title":"Novel Pharmacological Approaches for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Targeting Key Intracellular Pathways and the IL-23\/IL-17 Axis","volume":"2012","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Inflam."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3268","article-title":"How Cytokine networks fuel inflammation: Interleukin-17 and a tale of two autoimmune diseases","volume":"19","author":"Baeten","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2013.04.006","article-title":"Th17 cells and IL-17 a\u2014Focus on immunopathogenesis and immunotherapeutics","volume":"43","author":"McInnes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis. Rheum."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.08.019","article-title":"Differential Roles for Interleukin-23 and Interleukin-17 in Intestinal Immunoregulation","volume":"43","author":"Maxwell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20071978","article-title":"Regulation of inflammatory responses by IL-17F","volume":"205","author":"Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1736","article-title":"A protective function for interleukin 17A in T cell-mediated intestinal inflammation","volume":"10","author":"Kamanaka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124628","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1124628","article-title":"IL-17 inhibitor-associated inflammatory bowel disease: A study based on literature and database analysis","volume":"14","author":"Deng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-301668","article-title":"Secukinumab, a human anti-IL-17A monoclonal antibody, for moderate to severe Crohn\u2019s disease: Unexpected results of a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled trial","volume":"61","author":"Hueber","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e56","DOI":"10.14309\/crj.2018.56","article-title":"Rapid Onset of Inflammatory Bowel Disease after Receiving Secukinumab Infusion","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACG Case Rep. J."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1159\/000493922","article-title":"Severe de novo Ulcerative Colitis following Ixekizumab Therapy","volume":"12","author":"Philipose","year":"2018","journal-title":"Case Rep. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2050313x19893580","DOI":"10.1177\/2050313X19893580","article-title":"Asymptomatic Crohn\u2019s disease identified in a patient being treated with secukinumab: A case report","volume":"7","author":"Haidari","year":"2019","journal-title":"SAGE Open Med. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"2975631","article-title":"A Rare Case of New-Onset Ulcerative Colitis following Initiation of Secukinumab","volume":"2019","author":"Achufusi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Case Rep. Med."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"622","article-title":"Debut Of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Associated To Ixekizumab In Patient with Moderate, Difficult -To-Manage Psoriasis","volume":"43","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00316","DOI":"10.14309\/crj.0000000000000316","article-title":"Ixekizumab Associated New-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"7","author":"Nazarian","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACG Case Rep. J."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1136\/ejhpharm-2019-002016","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis induced by ixekizumab: A case report","volume":"28","author":"Marin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Hosp. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mu, X., Fardy, J., Reid, S., and Trahey, J. (2021). Severe drug-associated colitis with Crohn\u2019s features in setting of ixekizumab therapy for chronic plaque psoriasis. BMC Gastroenterol., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-021-01936-w"}],"container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4923\/15\/8\/2171\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:38:44Z","timestamp":1760128724000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4923\/15\/8\/2171"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["pharmaceutics15082171"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics15082171","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4923"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4923","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]]}}}