{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T23:54:26Z","timestamp":1784591666641,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM)","award":["UNAM-PAPIIT IN214321"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UNAM-PAPIIT IN214321"]}]},{"name":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM)","award":["CI2225"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CI2225"]}]},{"name":"Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitl\u00e1n, UNAM C\u00e1tedra de Investigaci\u00f3n","award":["UNAM-PAPIIT IN214321"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UNAM-PAPIIT IN214321"]}]},{"name":"Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitl\u00e1n, UNAM C\u00e1tedra de Investigaci\u00f3n","award":["CI2225"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CI2225"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to cartilage\u2019s limited capacity for regeneration, numerous studies have been conducted to find new drugs that modify osteoarthrosis\u2019s progression. Some evidence showed the capability of chitosan nanoparticles with glutathione (Np-GSH) to regulate the oxide-redox status in vitro in human chondrocytes. This work aimed to evaluate the capacity of Np-GSH in vivo, using Wistar rats with induced surgical osteoarthritis. Radiographic, biochemical (GSH and TBARS quantification), histopathological, and immunohistochemical (Col-2 and MMP-13) analyses were performed to evaluate the progress of the osteoarthritic lesions after the administration of a single dose of Np-GSH. According to the results obtained, the GSH contained in the NPs could be vectored to chondrocytes and used by the cell to modulate the oxidative state reduction, decreasing the production of ROS and free radicals induced by agents oxidizing xenobiotics, increasing GSH levels, as well as the activity of GPx, and decreasing lipid peroxidation. These results are significant since the synthesis of GSH develops exclusively in the cell cytoplasm, and its quantity under an oxidation\u2013reduction imbalance may be defective. Therefore, the results allow us to consider these nanostructures as a helpful study tool to reduce the damage associated with oxidative stress in various diseases such as osteoarthritis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15082172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T00:46:22Z","timestamp":1692665182000},"page":"2172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Study of the Early Effects of Chitosan Nanoparticles with Glutathione in Rats with Osteoarthrosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0900-9162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Noguera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitl\u00e1n, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Carretera Cuautitl\u00e1n-Teoloyucan Km. 2.5, San Sebasti\u00e1n Xhala, Cuautitl\u00e1n Izcalli CP 54714, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iliane","family":"Zetina Mar\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitl\u00e1n, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Carretera Cuautitl\u00e1n-Teoloyucan Km. 2.5, San Sebasti\u00e1n Xhala, Cuautitl\u00e1n Izcalli CP 54714, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blanca Margarita","family":"G\u00f3mez Chavarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Circuito Interior, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico City CP 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mois\u00e9s Eduardo","family":"Valderrama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Hospital, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitl\u00e1n, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Carretera Cuautitl\u00e1n-Teoloyucan Km. 2.5, San Sebasti\u00e1n Xhala, Cuautitl\u00e1n Izcalli CP 54714, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5445-3636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura Denise","family":"L\u00f3pez-Barrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitl\u00e1n, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Carretera Cuautitl\u00e1n-Teoloyucan Km. 2.5, San Sebasti\u00e1n Xhala, Cuautitl\u00e1n Izcalli CP 54714, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1746-806X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"D\u00edaz-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitl\u00e1n, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Carretera Cuautitl\u00e1n-Teoloyucan Km. 2.5, San Sebasti\u00e1n Xhala, Cuautitl\u00e1n Izcalli CP 54714, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"167","article-title":"Fisiopatolog\u00eda celular de la osteoartritis: El condrocito articular como protagonista","volume":"24","year":"2011","journal-title":"Iatreia"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"469","article-title":"Enfermedades de las articulaciones, los tendones, los ligamentos y las estructuras relacionadas. 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