{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T00:41:22Z","timestamp":1794271282143,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,27]],"date-time":"2023-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Propranolol (PPN) is widely used in children to treat various cardiovascular diseases. The availability of a suitable PPN solution should avoid recourse to extemporaneous preparations of unknown\/limited stability, as commonly made in hospital pharmacies. However, the development of pediatric PPN solutions is hindered by their instability to light and stability at pH \u2248 3, bitter taste, and the need to improve palatability and avoid co-solvents, flavoring agents, or preservatives that are potentially toxic. In this study, cyclodextrin (CD) complexation has been exploited to develop a safe, stable, and palatable oral pediatric solution of PPN. An initial screening among various CDs allowed us to select HP\u03b2CD for its good complexing ability and no toxicity. Drug-HP\u03b2CD physical mixtures or co-ground systems (1:1 or 1:2 mol:mol) were used to prepare 0.2% w\/v drug solutions. Photo stability studies evidenced the protective effect of HP\u03b2CD, revealing a reduction of up to 75% in the drug degradation rate after 1 h of exposure to UV radiation. Storage stability studies showed unchanged physical\u2013chemical properties and almost constant drug concentration after 6 months and under accelerated conditions (40 \u00b0C), despite the less aggressive pH (\u22485.5) of the solution. The electronic tongue test proved that the HP\u03b2CD taste-masking properties improved the formulation palatability, with a 30% reduction in drug bitterness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15092217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T02:23:25Z","timestamp":1693189405000},"page":"2217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Development of a Hydroxypropyl-\u03b2-Cyclodextrin-Based Liquid Formulation for the Oral Administration of Propranolol in Pediatric Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3643-6888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marzia","family":"Cirri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff (DICUS), University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9755-0911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Mura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff (DICUS), University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Benedetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8064-3185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanna","family":"Buratti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.2174\/1574884712666170317161935","article-title":"Pediatric Off-Label and Unlicensed Drug Use and Its Implications","volume":"12","author":"Gore","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. 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