{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T21:28:37Z","timestamp":1775597317558,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Council of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRC21021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRC21021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Council of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KSN1822320"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KSN1822320"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Development of Sustainable Applications for Standard Herbal Resources","award":["CRC21021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRC21021"]}]},{"name":"Development of Sustainable Applications for Standard Herbal Resources","award":["KSN1822320"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KSN1822320"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Asthma is a pulmonary disease induced by the inhalation of aeroallergens and subsequent inappropriate immune responses. Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze has been evaluated as an effective antioxidant supplement produced from bioactive compounds, including flavonoids. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze extract (CE) on ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma. The components of CE were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) chromatogram patterns, and asthmatic animal models were induced via ovalbumin treatment. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of CE were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH), 2,2\u2032-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), and nitric oxide (NO) assays. Seven compounds were detected in the CE chromatogram. In the ovalbumin-induced mouse model, CE treatment significantly decreased the inflammation index in the lung tissue. CE also significantly decreased eosinophilia and the production of inflammatory cytokines and OVA-specific IgE in animals with asthma. Collectively, our results indicate that CE has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, and that CE treatment suppresses asthmatic progression, including mucin accumulation, inflammation, and OVA-specific IgE production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15092355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T21:47:03Z","timestamp":1695246423000},"page":"2355","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze Extract Attenuates Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Asthma by Regulating Airway Inflammation and Mucus Hypersecretion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Sohi","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyun-Yong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 111, Geonjae-ro, Naju-si 58245, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1670-8911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A Yeong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 111, Geonjae-ro, Naju-si 58245, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyo Seon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 111, Geonjae-ro, Naju-si 58245, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8905-4125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun Hong","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 111, Geonjae-ro, Naju-si 58245, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5374-6274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byeong Cheol","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 111, Geonjae-ro, Naju-si 58245, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4229-4356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyeon Hwa","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 111, Geonjae-ro, Naju-si 58245, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Center for Companion Animal New Drug Development, Jeonbuk Branch, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup 56212, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9789-0043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung-Wook","family":"Chae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Companion Animal New Drug Development, Jeonbuk Branch, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup 56212, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 111, Geonjae-ro, Naju-si 58245, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bokyung","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2451-0374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changjong","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7343-426X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In Sik","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2180-4860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joong Sun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun-Soo","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 111, Geonjae-ro, Naju-si 58245, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 111, Geonjae-ro, Naju-si 58245, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2019.00246","article-title":"Epidemiology of Asthma in Children and Adults","volume":"7","author":"Dharmage","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s40248-016-0073-0","article-title":"Asthma-related deaths","volume":"11","author":"Vitale","year":"2016","journal-title":"Multidiscip. Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/164_2021_483","article-title":"A Current Perspective of Allergic Asthma: From Mechanisms to Management","volume":"268","author":"Papadopoulos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Handb. Exp. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-019-0079-0","article-title":"Targeting cell signaling in allergic asthma","volume":"4","author":"Athari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Signal. Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002226","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02226-2020","article-title":"Effect of asthma and asthma medication on the prognosis of patients with COVID-19","volume":"57","author":"Choi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769011","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.769011","article-title":"A Practical Strategy for Exploring the Pharmacological Mechanism of Luteolin Against COVID-19\/Asthma Comorbidity: Findings of System Pharmacology and Bioinformatics Analysis","volume":"12","author":"Xie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1586\/ers.11.34","article-title":"Asthma-related comorbidities","volume":"5","author":"Boulet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00157-9","article-title":"Targeting the interleukin pathway in the treatment of asthma","volume":"386","author":"Chung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15593258221117349","DOI":"10.1177\/15593258221117349","article-title":"Low Dose Rate Radiation Regulates M2-like Macrophages in an Allergic Airway Inflammation Mouse Model","volume":"20","author":"Jo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dose Response"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pak, S.W., Lee, A.Y., Seo, Y.S., Lee, S.J., Kim, W.I., Shin, D.H., Kim, J.C., Kim, J.S., Lim, J.O., and Shin, I.S. (2022). Anti-asthmatic effects of Phlomis umbrosa Turczaninow using ovalbumin induced asthma murine model and network pharmacology analysis. Biomed. Pharm., 145.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112410"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.11","article-title":"Anti-interleukin therapy in asthma","volume":"97","author":"Dunn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Pharm. Ther."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15026","DOI":"10.1038\/npjpcrm.2015.26","article-title":"Patient-reported side effects, concerns and adherence to corticosteroid treatment for asthma, and comparison with physician estimates of side-effect prevalence: A UK-wide, cross-sectional study","volume":"25","author":"Cooper","year":"2015","journal-title":"NPJ Prim. Care Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"65","article-title":"Potential Bioactive Components and Health Promotional Benefits of Tea (Camellia sinensis)","volume":"41","author":"Samanta","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Nutr. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2314","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.15734","article-title":"Potentiality of actinobacteria to combat against biotic and abiotic stresses in tea [Camellia sinensis (L) O. Kuntze]","volume":"133","author":"Borah","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.109.115972","article-title":"Laboratory, epidemiological, and human intervention studies show that tea (Camellia sinensis) may be useful in the prevention of obesity","volume":"140","author":"Grove","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.01.014","article-title":"Flavonoids from Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze seed ameliorates TNF-alpha induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells","volume":"27","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm. J."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koch, W., Zagorska, J., Marzec, Z., and Kukula-Koch, W. (2019). Applications of Tea (Camellia sinensis) and its Active Constituents in Cosmetics. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24234277"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2007.09.008","article-title":"The antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential of two different solvent extracts of Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntz, Ficus bengalensis L. and Ficus racemosa L.","volume":"107","author":"Manian","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanchez, M., Gonzalez-Burgos, E., Iglesias, I., Lozano, R., and Gomez-Serranillos, M.P. (2020). The Pharmacological Activity of Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze on Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders: A Systematic Review. Biomolecules, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10040603"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shivashankara, A.R., Rao, S., George, T., Abraham, S., Colin, M.D., Palatty, P.L., and Baliga, M.S. (2019). Tea (Camellia sinensis L. Kuntze) as Hepatoprotective Agent: A Revisit. Dietary Interventions in Liver Disease, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-814466-4.00015-X"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules16021486","article-title":"Plant polyphenols and their anti-cariogenic properties: A review","volume":"16","author":"Ferrazzano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma, R., Verma, S., and Kumar, D. (2021). Polyphenolics and therapeutic insights in different tissues extract and fractions of Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze (Kangra Tea). Food Biosci., 42.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2021.101164"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.36497\/jri.v38i1.134","article-title":"Effects of Green Tea to Absolute Neutrophil Count, MMP-9,% VEP1, and COPD Assessment Test Scores Stable COPD Patients","volume":"38","author":"Apriningsih","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Respirologi Indones."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2009.04.027","article-title":"Chinese green tea ameliorates lung injury in cigarette smoke-exposed rats","volume":"103","author":"Chan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.3109\/10715762.2012.692786","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of Chinese green tea on cigarette smoke-induced up-regulation of airway neutrophil elastase and matrix metalloproteinase-12 via antioxidant activity","volume":"46","author":"Chan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Free Radic. Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5029","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-22-1791","article-title":"Preventive and therapeutic effects of green tea on lung cancer: A narrative review of evidence from clinical and basic research","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Dis."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1021\/tx00026a012","article-title":"Evaluation of the probe 2\u2019, 7\u2019-dichlorofluorescin as an indicator of reactive oxygen species formation and oxidative stress","volume":"5","author":"LeBel","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.2147\/JAA.S296391","article-title":"Traditional Medicinal Plants Conferring Protection Against Ovalbumin-Induced Asthma in Experimental Animals: A Review","volume":"14","author":"Azman","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Asthma Allergy"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8945","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S269982","article-title":"Development of an Orally Bioavailable Isoliquiritigenin Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System to Effectively Treat Ovalbumin-Induced Asthma","volume":"15","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.1141","article-title":"Microwave-assisted water extraction of green tea polyphenols","volume":"20","author":"Nkhili","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phytochem. Anal."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2007.00262.x","article-title":"Photoprotective effects of green tea polyphenols","volume":"23","author":"Yusuf","year":"2007","journal-title":"Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mokra, D., Adamcakova, J., and Mokry, J. (2022). Green Tea Polyphenol (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG): A Time for a New Player in the Treatment of Respiratory Diseases?. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11081566"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109966","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1109966","article-title":"Does pomegranate extract supplementation improve the clinical symptoms of patients with allergic asthma? A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Hosseini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1108\/NFS-01-2018-0016","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of catechin isolated from Acacia catechu on ovalbumin induced allergic asthma model: Role of histidine decarboxylase","volume":"49","author":"Patel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114514000877","article-title":"Identification of epicatechin as one of the key bioactive constituents of polyphenol-enriched extracts that demonstrate an anti-allergic effect in a murine model of food allergy","volume":"112","author":"Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2006.02.052","article-title":"Epigallocatechin-3-gallate protects toluene diisocyanate-induced airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma","volume":"580","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.04.044","article-title":"Epigallocatechin gallate ameliorates airway inflammation by regulating Treg\/Th17 imbalance in an asthmatic mouse model","volume":"72","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10167","DOI":"10.1021\/bi3012274","article-title":"Inhibitory mechanism of pancreatic amyloid fibril formation: Formation of the complex between tea catechins and the fragment of residues 22\u201327","volume":"51","author":"Nakazawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saeki, K., Hayakawa, S., Nakano, S., Ito, S., Oishi, Y., Suzuki, Y., and Isemura, M. (2018). In Vitro and In Silico Studies of the Molecular Interactions of Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) with Proteins That Explain the Health Benefits of Green Tea. Molecules, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23061295"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ci, X., Chu, X., Wei, M., Yang, X., Cai, Q., and Deng, X. (2012). Different effects of farrerol on an OVA-induced allergic asthma and LPS-induced acute lung injury. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034634"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2014.07.004","article-title":"Comparative study of Korean White Ginseng and Korean Red Ginseng on efficacies of OVA-induced asthma model in mice","volume":"39","author":"Lim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Ginseng Res."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"2171","article-title":"Pistacia weinmannifolia root exerts a protective role in ovalbumin induced lung inflammation in a mouse allergic asthma model","volume":"44","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2010.07.014","article-title":"Anti-asthmatic effect of schizandrin on OVA-induced airway inflammation in a murine asthma model","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2011.12.027","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of low-molecular weight chitosan oligosaccharides in IgE-antigen complex-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells and asthma model mice","volume":"12","author":"Chung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2017.08.015","article-title":"Propofol inhibits NF-kappaB activation to ameliorate airway inflammation in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma mice","volume":"51","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/rr40","article-title":"Th2 cytokines and asthma. Interleukin-4: Its role in the pathogenesis of asthma, and targeting it for asthma treatment with interleukin-4 receptor antagonists","volume":"2","author":"Steinke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2017.01.011","article-title":"Anti-asthmatic activity of osthole in an ovalbumin-induced asthma murine model","volume":"239","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-021-03864-1","article-title":"Effects of in vitro simulated digestion on the antioxidant activity of different Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze leaves extracts","volume":"248","author":"Governa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Food Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proche.2015.03.033","article-title":"Identification, isolation and antioxidant activity of pheophytin from green tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze)","volume":"14","author":"Kusmita","year":"2015","journal-title":"Procedia Chem."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.2174\/1871523015666160915154443","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory Action of Green Tea","volume":"15","author":"Ohishi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antiinflamm. Antiallergy Agents Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2006.01.022","article-title":"The effect of green tea in oxidative stress","volume":"25","author":"Coimbra","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-8546-5-13","article-title":"Beneficial effects of green tea: A literature review","volume":"5","author":"Chacko","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin. Med."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2006.10719518","article-title":"Beneficial effects of green tea\u2014A review","volume":"25","author":"Cabrera","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prasanth, M.I., Sivamaruthi, B.S., Chaiyasut, C., and Tencomnao, T. (2019). A Review of the Role of Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) in Antiphotoaging, Stress Resistance, Neuroprotection, and Autophagy. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11020474"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2003.01744.x","article-title":"Green tea-induced asthma: Relationship between immunological reactivity, specific and non-specific bronchial responsiveness","volume":"33","author":"Shirai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.106.6.1801","article-title":"Epigallocatechin gallate. The major causative agent of green tea-induced asthma","volume":"106","author":"Shirai","year":"1994","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Mekhlafi, F.A., Abutaha, N., Al-Doaiss, A.A., Al-Keridis, L.A., Alsayadi, A.I., Mohamed, R., Wadaan, M.A., Ibrahim, K.E., and Al-Khalifa, M.S. (2022). Corrigendum to \u201cTarget and Non-target effects of Foeniculum vulgare and Matricaria chamomilla combined extract on Culex pipiens mosquitoes\u201d. Saudi J. Biol. Sci., 29.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2022.02.001"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijvsm.2014.03.001","article-title":"Mast cell stabilizing and anti-anaphylactic activity of aqueous extract of green tea (Camellia sinensis)","volume":"2","author":"Balaji","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Vet. Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO02091E","article-title":"The anti-allergic potential of tea: A review of its components, mechanisms and risks","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2009.01.007","article-title":"Medicinal and therapeutic potentialities of tea (Camellia sinensis L.)\u2014A review","volume":"42","author":"Sharangi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."}],"container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4923\/15\/9\/2355\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:53:51Z","timestamp":1760129631000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4923\/15\/9\/2355"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["pharmaceutics15092355"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics15092355","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4923"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4923","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]]}}}