{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T17:38:48Z","timestamp":1793122728298,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Capsugel France SAS (Colmar, France)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ready-to-fill enteric hard capsule shells are an evolving field of oral drug and nutraceutical products. Lonza Capsugel\u00ae Enprotect\u00ae capsules were recently proven to provide reliable release in the small intestine after fasted intake, but robustness against postprandial intake needed to be proven. In this study, the capsules were administered to 16 healthy young subjects after intake of a light meal. The Enprotect\u00ae capsules were labelled with 5 mg black iron oxide and 25 mg 13C3-caffeine. Magnetic Resonance Imaging was used to identify the localization and visual dispersion of the capsule filling. The salivary appearance of caffeine was considered a second independent and sensitive marker for the initial release. Whereas the fasted gastric residence time of the capsules amounted to 43 \u00b1 32 min, it was increased to 158 \u00b1 36 min after postprandial intake. Therefore, the mean dispersion time according to MRI and the mean caffeine appearance time were increased to 196 \u00b1 37 min and 189 \u00b1 37 min, respectively. But, similar to fasted administration, no capsule disintegration or leakage was observed in the stomach and 38% of the capsules disintegrated in the jejunum and 62% in the ileum. The mean dispersion time after gastric emptying and the mean caffeine appearance time after gastric emptying amounted to 38 \u00b1 21 min and 31 \u00b1 17 min, respectively. Both did not relevantly change compared to the fasted intake. Only the absolute dispersion time and caffeine appearance were prolonged due to the increased gastric residence and no relevant influence of the light meal was observed on the disintegration or release behavior of Enprotect\u00ae capsules after gastric emptying. The capsules also showed robust enteric properties after postprandial administration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15112576","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T02:41:56Z","timestamp":1698979316000},"page":"2576","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["In Vivo Evaluation of a Gastro-Resistant Enprotect\u00ae Capsule under Postprandial Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1310-7435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Grimm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1335-2809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian","family":"Rump","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0420-7303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie-Luise","family":"Kromrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3701-6247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix","family":"Morof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camille","family":"Dumont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Capsugel France SAS, 68000 Colmar, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1630-2807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent","family":"Jannin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Capsugel France SAS, 68000 Colmar, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mladen Vassilev","family":"Tzvetkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3492-7747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Werner","family":"Weitschies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2022.122441","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of the gastrointestinal delivery of acid-sensitive pancrelipase in a next generation enteric capsule using an exocrine pancreatic insufficiency disease model","volume":"630","author":"Jannin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. 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