{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T02:02:26Z","timestamp":1792116146349,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":186,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]],"date-time":"2023-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-invasive drug delivery across the blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB) represents a significant advancement in treating neurological diseases. The BBB is a tightly packed layer of endothelial cells that shields the brain from harmful substances in the blood, allowing necessary nutrients to pass through. It is a highly selective barrier, which poses a challenge to delivering therapeutic agents into the brain. Several non-invasive procedures and devices have been developed or are currently being investigated to enhance drug delivery across the BBB. This paper presents a review and a prospective analysis of the art and science that address pharmacology, technology, delivery systems, regulatory approval, ethical concerns, and future possibilities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15112599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]],"date-time":"2023-11-07T11:23:39Z","timestamp":1699356219000},"page":"2599","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":148,"title":["Non-Invasive Drug Delivery across the Blood\u2013Brain Barrier: A Prospective Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0513-0336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarfaraz K.","family":"Niazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Gazzaniga, M.S., Ivry, R.B., and Mangun, G.R. 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