{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T22:09:48Z","timestamp":1783116588776,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National modern agricultural industry technology system Sichuan innovation team","award":["SCCXTD-2020-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCCXTD-2020-19"]}]},{"name":"National modern agricultural industry technology system Sichuan innovation team","award":["2021YFYZ0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFYZ0012"]}]},{"name":"National modern agricultural industry technology system Sichuan innovation team","award":["2022NSFSC1640"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NSFSC1640"]}]},{"name":"National modern agricultural industry technology system Sichuan innovation team","award":["2022ZHCG0095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZHCG0095"]}]},{"name":"National modern agricultural industry technology system Sichuan innovation team","award":["2021ZHFP0113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZHFP0113"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["SCCXTD-2020-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCCXTD-2020-19"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["2021YFYZ0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFYZ0012"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["2022NSFSC1640"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NSFSC1640"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["2022ZHCG0095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZHCG0095"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["2021ZHFP0113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZHFP0113"]}]},{"name":"Featured Medicinal Plants Sharing and Service Platform of Sichuan Province","award":["SCCXTD-2020-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCCXTD-2020-19"]}]},{"name":"Featured Medicinal Plants Sharing and Service Platform of Sichuan Province","award":["2021YFYZ0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFYZ0012"]}]},{"name":"Featured Medicinal Plants Sharing and Service Platform of Sichuan Province","award":["2022NSFSC1640"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NSFSC1640"]}]},{"name":"Featured Medicinal Plants Sharing and Service Platform of Sichuan Province","award":["2022ZHCG0095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZHCG0095"]}]},{"name":"Featured Medicinal Plants Sharing and Service Platform of Sichuan Province","award":["2021ZHFP0113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZHFP0113"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute liver injury (ALI) has the potential to compromise hepatic function rapidly, with severe cases posing a considerable threat to human health and wellbeing. Conventional treatments, such as the oral administration of antioxidants, can inadvertently lead to liver toxicity and other unwanted side effects. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can target therapeutic agents directly to inflammatory sites owing to their homing effect, and they offer a promising avenue for the treatment of ALI. However, the efficacy and feasibility of these live cell products are hampered by challenges associated with delivery pathways and safety concerns. Therefore, in this work, MSC membranes were ingeniously harnessed as protective shells to encapsulate synthesized PLGA nanoparticle cores (PLGA\/MSCs). This strategic approach enabled nanoparticles to simulate endogenous substances and yielded a core\u2013shell nano-biomimetic structure. The biomimetic nanocarrier remarkably maintained the homing ability of MSCs to inflammatory sites. In this study, cryptotanshinone (CPT)-loaded PLGA\/MSCs (CPT@PLGA\/MSC) were prepared. These nanoparticles can be effectively internalized by LO2 cells. They reduced cellular oxidative stress and elevated inflammatory levels. In vivo results suggested that, after intravenous administration, CPT@PLGA\/MSCs significantly reduced uptake by the reticuloendothelial system and immune recognition compared to PLGA nanoparticles without MSC membrane coatings, subsequently resulting in their targeted and enhanced accumulation in the liver. The effectiveness of CPT@PLGA\/MSCs in alleviating carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in a mouse model was unequivocally demonstrated through comprehensive histological examination and liver function tests. This study introduces a pioneering strategy with substantial potential for ALI treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15122764","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T09:15:33Z","timestamp":1702372533000},"page":"2764","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Targeted Therapy of Acute Liver Injury via Cryptotanshinone-Loaded Biomimetic Nanoparticles Derived from Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Driven by Homing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya\u2019an 625014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya\u2019an 625014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya\u2019an 625014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8502-9758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinqiu","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya\u2019an 625014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1346-6235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruiwu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya\u2019an 625014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuexue","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya\u2019an 625014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya\u2019an 625014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27406","article-title":"The global burden of liver disease: The major impact of China","volume":"60","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8593","DOI":"10.1039\/D2FO00282E","article-title":"Hepatoprotective effects of different mulberry leaf extracts against acute liver injury in rats by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammatory response","volume":"13","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1083","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00568.2005","article-title":"Mechanisms of Liver Injury. II. Mechanisms of neutrophil-induced liver cell injury during hepatic ischemia-reperfusion and other acute inflammatory conditions","volume":"290","author":"Jaeschke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652782","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.652782","article-title":"Peroxiredoxin 3 Inhibits Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Pyroptosis Through the Regulation of Mitochondrial ROS","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.053850","article-title":"Apoptosis: A mechanism of acute and chronic liver injury","volume":"54","author":"Guicciardi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2230","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.02.002","article-title":"Incidence and Etiology of Drug-Induced Liver Injury in Mainland China","volume":"156","author":"Shen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13494","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.13494","article-title":"Preventing acute liver injury via hepatocyte-targeting nano-antioxidants","volume":"56","author":"Yuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Prolif."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7782","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-35525-6","article-title":"Hepatic neddylation deficiency triggers fatal liver injury via inducing NF-kappaB-inducing kinase in mice","volume":"13","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3526","DOI":"10.1039\/D2FO03269D","article-title":"Peptides from Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) ameliorate acute liver injury in mice induced by carbon tetrachloride via activating the Nrf2\/HO-1 pathway","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200220666190325141422","article-title":"Herb-Drug Interactions and Hepatotoxicity","volume":"20","author":"Parvez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Metab."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bulbake, U., Doppalapudi, S., Kommineni, N., and Khan, W. (2017). Liposomal Formulations in Clinical Use: An Updated Review. Pharmaceutics, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics9020012"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3262","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b00376","article-title":"Unveiling the in Vivo Protein Corona of Circulating Leukocyte-like Carriers","volume":"11","author":"Corbo","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4403","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00507","article-title":"Surface Modification of Polysaccharide-Based Nanoparticles with PEG and Dextran and the Effects on Immune Cell Binding and Stimulatory Characteristics","volume":"14","author":"Bamberger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10980","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1106634108","article-title":"Erythrocyte membrane-camouflaged polymeric nanoparticles as a biomimetic delivery platform","volume":"108","author":"Hu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"085106","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/27\/8\/085106","article-title":"Synthetic nanoparticles camouflaged with biomimetic erythrocyte membranes for reduced reticuloendothelial system uptake","volume":"27","author":"Rao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2567","article-title":"Membrane vesicles as conveyors of immune responses","volume":"9","author":"Thery","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.09.012","article-title":"Stem cell membrane-coated abiotic nanomaterials for biomedical applications","volume":"351","author":"Yousefiasl","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2016.04.008","article-title":"Update on the mechanisms of homing of adipose tissue-derived stem cells","volume":"18","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s12265-018-9823-z","article-title":"Stem Cell Homing: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy Unproven for Treatment of Myocardial Injury","volume":"11","author":"Tao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00182","article-title":"The Role of CD44 in Disease Pathophysiology and Targeted Treatment","volume":"6","author":"Jordan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7991","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-08687-3","article-title":"Hyaluronic acid coatings as a simple and efficient approach to improve MSC homing toward the site of inflammation","volume":"7","author":"Corradetti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-016-0399-8","article-title":"Hyaluronan induces odontoblastic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells via CD44","volume":"7","author":"Umemura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9433","DOI":"10.1039\/D1RA00074H","article-title":"Cytotoxicity of targeted PLGA nanoparticles: A systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Chiu","year":"2021","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nagappan, A., Kim, J.H., Jung, D.Y., and Jung, M.H. (2019). Cryptotanshinone from the Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge Attenuates Ethanol-Induced Liver Injury by Activation of AMPK\/SIRT1 and Nrf2 Signaling Pathways. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21010265"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1002\/bdd.2213","article-title":"Comparative pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of cryptotanshinone, tanshinone IIA, dihydrotanshinone I, and tanshinone I after oral administration of pure tanshinones and liposoluble extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza to rats","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biopharm. Drug Dispos."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, S., Zhang, L., Zhang, R., Yang, K., Wei, Q., Jia, Q., Guo, J., and Ma, C. (2023). Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells induced by rrPDGF-BB promotes bone regeneration during distraction osteogenesis. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1110703"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-020-01881-7","article-title":"HIF-1alpha overexpression in mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes mediates cardioprotection in myocardial infarction by enhanced angiogenesis","volume":"11","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-015-0124-8","article-title":"MSC surface markers (CD44, CD73, and CD90) can identify human MSC-derived extracellular vesicles by conventional flow cytometry","volume":"14","author":"Ramos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002334","article-title":"Exogenous mesenchymal stem cells localize to the kidney by means of CD44 following acute tubular injury","volume":"72","author":"Herrera","year":"2007","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2005-0186","article-title":"The role of the hyaluronan receptor CD44 in mesenchymal stem cell migration in the extracellular matrix","volume":"24","author":"Zhu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22963","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b05363","article-title":"Surface Functionalization of Polymeric Nanoparticles with Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Membrane for Tumor-Targeted Therapy","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2020.119598","article-title":"Enhanced oral bioavailability of Tanshinone IIA using lipid nanocapsules: Formulation, in-vitro appraisal and pharmacokinetics","volume":"586","author":"Ashour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2023.135393","article-title":"Enzymatic acylation improves the stability and bioactivity of lutein: Protective effects of acylated lutein derivatives on L-O2 cells upon H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative stress","volume":"410","author":"Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2623","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30563","article-title":"Tissue Repair in the Mouse Liver Following Acute Carbon Tetrachloride Depends on Injury-Induced Wnt\/beta-Catenin Signaling","volume":"69","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kulus, M., Sibiak, R., Stefanska, K., Zdun, M., Wieczorkiewicz, M., Piotrowska-Kempisty, H., Ja\u015bkowski, J.M., Bukowska, D., Ratajczak, K., and Zabel, M. (2021). Mesenchymal Stem\/Stromal Cells Derived from Human and Animal Perinatal Tissues-Origins, Characteristics, Signaling Pathways, and Clinical Trials. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10123278"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-021-02329-2","article-title":"Role of CD44 in increasing the potency of mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles by hyaluronic acid in severe pneumonia","volume":"12","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.01.021","article-title":"The effect of surface charge on in vivo biodistribution of PEG-oligocholic acid based micellar nanoparticles","volume":"32","author":"Xiao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S355366","article-title":"Targeted Therapy for Inflammatory Diseases with Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Derived Exosomes: From Basic to Clinics","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7006","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b02533","article-title":"Cancer Cell Membrane Camouflaged Cascade Bioreactor for Cancer Targeted Starvation and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2009.08.007","article-title":"Preventive effects of a purified extract isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza enriched with tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone on hepatocyte injury in vitro and in vivo","volume":"47","author":"Park","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201948351","article-title":"Sphingosine 1-phosphate\/microRNA-1249-5p\/MCP-1 axis is involved in macrophage-associated inflammation in fatty liver injury in mice","volume":"50","author":"Ji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27665","DOI":"10.1038\/srep27665","article-title":"Macrophage Migration Inhibitor Factor Upregulates MCP-1 Expression in an Autocrine Manner in Hepatocytes during Acute Mouse Liver Injury","volume":"6","author":"Xie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2006169","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202006169","article-title":"Engineering Stem Cell Derived Biomimetic Vesicles for Versatility and Effective Targeted Delivery","volume":"30","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00631-2","article-title":"Recent progress in targeted delivery vectors based on biomimetic nanoparticles","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4718","article-title":"Mechanism of hard-nanomaterial clearance by the liver","volume":"15","author":"Tsoi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gareev, K.G., Grouzdev, D.S., Koziaeva, V.V., Sitkov, N.O., Gao, H., Zimina, T.M., and Shevtsov, M. (2022). Biomimetic Nanomaterials: Diversity, Technology, and Biomedical Applications. Nanomaterials, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12142485"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guido, C., Maiorano, G., Cortese, B., D\u2019amone, S., and Palam\u00e0, I.E. (2020). Biomimetic Nanocarriers for Cancer Target Therapy. Bioengineering, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering7030111"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1039\/D0BM01164A","article-title":"Recent advances in mesenchymal stem cell membrane-coated nanoparticles for enhanced drug delivery","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2395","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells in health and disease","volume":"8","author":"Uccelli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3938","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-05-025098","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells display coordinated rolling and adhesion behavior on endothelial cells","volume":"108","author":"Ludwig","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4652(199910)181:1<67::AID-JCP7>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"Phenotypical and functional properties of human bone marrow mesenchymal progenitor cells","volume":"181","author":"Conget","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1080\/10408360290795574","article-title":"CD44 in cancer","volume":"39","author":"Naor","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1159\/000355749","article-title":"The Role of CD44-Hyaluronic Acid Interaction in Exogenous Mesenchymal Stem Cells Homing to Rat Remnant Kidney","volume":"38","author":"Bian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kidney Blood Press. Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2020.11.003","article-title":"Receptor-mediated targeted drug delivery systems for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: Opportunities and emerging strategies","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6536","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b00553","article-title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cell\/Red Blood Cell-Inspired Nanoparticle Therapy in Mice with Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Liver Failure","volume":"12","author":"Liang","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14244","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.0c03506","article-title":"Mitochondria-Targeted Fluorescent and Photoacoustic Imaging of Hydrogen Peroxide in Inflammation","volume":"92","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.117439","article-title":"Synthesis of novel caffeic acid derivatives and their protective effect against hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress via Nrf2 pathway","volume":"247","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-020-03030-1","article-title":"Glutathione in Brain: Overview of Its Conformations, Functions, Biochemical Characteristics, Quantitation and Potential Therapeutic Role in Brain Disorders","volume":"45","author":"Dwivedi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2023.02.020","article-title":"Plasmonic optical fiber biosensor development for point-of-care detection of malondialdehyde as a biomarker of oxidative stress","volume":"199","author":"Bencivenga","year":"2023","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-1136-2","article-title":"Chloroquine ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in mice via the concomitant inhibition of inflammation and induction of apoptosis","volume":"9","author":"Dai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3109\/08923973.2015.1115517","article-title":"Resolvin D1 attenuates CCl4-induced acute liver injury involving up-regulation of HO-1 in mice","volume":"38","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, Y., Yan, M., Bai, Z., Xie, Y., Ren, L., Wei, J., Zhu, D., Wang, H., Liu, Y., and Luo, J. (2022). Huc-MSC-derived exosomes modified with the targeting peptide of aHSCs for liver fibrosis therapy. J. Nanobiotechnol., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-022-01636-x"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B1400104","article-title":"Therapeutic detoxification of quercetin against carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in mice and its mechanism","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.13123","article-title":"Activation of NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes in Kupffer cells in hepatic ischemia\/reperfusion","volume":"282","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1002\/cpz1.211","article-title":"The DEN and CCl4-Induced Mouse Model of Fibrosis and Inflammation-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma","volume":"1","author":"Uehara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2007.11.021","article-title":"The current state of serum biomarkers of hepatotoxicity","volume":"245","author":"Ozer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Melaibari, M., Alkreathy, H.M., Esmat, A., Rajeh, N.A., Shaik, R.A., Alghamdi, A.A., and Ahmad, A. (2023). Anti-Fibrotic Efficacy of Apigenin in a Mice Model of Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatic Fibrosis by Modulation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Fibrogenesis: A Preclinical Study. Biomedicines, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11051342"}],"container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4923\/15\/12\/2764\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:37:26Z","timestamp":1760132246000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4923\/15\/12\/2764"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["pharmaceutics15122764"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics15122764","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4923"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4923","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]]}}}