{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T12:44:24Z","timestamp":1791549864707,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":303,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]],"date-time":"2023-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alzheimer\u2019s disease, a progressive neurodegenerative condition, is characterized by a gradual decline in cognitive functions. Current treatment approaches primarily involve the administration of medications through oral, parenteral, and transdermal routes, aiming to improve cognitive function and alleviate symptoms. However, these treatments face limitations, such as low bioavailability and inadequate permeation. Alternative invasive methods, while explored, often entail discomfort and require specialized assistance. Therefore, the development of a non-invasive and efficient delivery system is crucial. Intranasal delivery has emerged as a potential solution, although it is constrained by the unique conditions of the nasal cavity. An innovative approach involves the use of nano-carriers based on nanotechnology for intranasal delivery. This strategy has the potential to overcome current limitations by providing enhanced bioavailability, improved permeation, effective traversal of the blood\u2013brain barrier, extended retention within the body, and precise targeting of the brain. The comprehensive review focuses on the advancements in designing various types of nano-carriers, including polymeric nanoparticles, metal nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, nanoemulsions, Quantum dots, and dendrimers. These nano-carriers are specifically tailored for the intranasal delivery of therapeutic agents aimed at combatting Alzheimer\u2019s disease. In summary, the development and utilization of intranasal delivery systems based on nanotechnology show significant potential in surmounting the constraints of current Alzheimer\u2019s disease treatment strategies. Nevertheless, it is essential to acknowledge regulatory as well as toxicity concerns associated with this route; meticulous consideration is required when engineering a carrier. This comprehensive review underscores the potential to revolutionize Alzheimer\u2019s disease management and highlights the importance of addressing regulatory considerations for safe and effective implementations. Embracing this strategy could lead to substantial advancements in the field of Alzheimer\u2019s disease treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16010058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]],"date-time":"2023-12-29T09:15:11Z","timestamp":1703841311000},"page":"58","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Intranasal Drug Delivery by Nanotechnology: Advances in and Challenges for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Management"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6375-1256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sayali","family":"Dighe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM\u2019s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai, Mumbai 400056, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0406-3642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunil","family":"Jog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM\u2019s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai, Mumbai 400056, India"},{"name":"Indoco Remedies Private Limited, Mumbai 400098, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5908-2627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Munira","family":"Momin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM\u2019s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai, Mumbai 400056, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0473-4979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sujata","family":"Sawarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM\u2019s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai, Mumbai 400056, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4093-5762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelwahab","family":"Omri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Novel Drug & Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-020-00391-7","article-title":"Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"15","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. 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