{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,13]],"date-time":"2026-11-13T00:58:07Z","timestamp":1794531487277,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]],"date-time":"2024-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708041600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Programma Operativo Nazionale (PON)","award":["1062\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1062\/2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cataract surgery interventions are constantly increasing, particularly among adult and elderly patients. This type of surgery can lead to inflammatory states of the ocular anterior segment (AS), usually healed via postoperative treatment with dexamethasone (DEX)-containing eye drops. The application of eye drops is challenging due to the high number of daily administrations. In this study, mucoadhesive nanoparticles (NPs) were formulated to improve the residence time of DEX on the corneal mucosa, enhancing the drug\u2019s solubility and bioavailability. The NPs were generated using an ionotropic gelation technique, exploiting the interaction between the cationic group of chitosan (CS) and the anionic group of sulfobutylether-\u03b2-cyclodextrin (SBE-\u03b2-CD). The formation of the inclusion complex and its stoichiometry were studied through phase solubility studies, Job\u2019s plot method, and Bi-directional transport studies on MDCKII-MDR1. The obtained NPs showed good chemical and physical characteristics suitable for drug loading and subsequent testing on animal mucosa. The DEX-loaded CS\/SBE-\u03b2-CD NPs exhibited a prolonged residence time on animal mucosa and demonstrated enhanced drug permeability through the corneal membrane, showing a sustained release profile. The developed NPs posed no irritation or toxicity concerns upon local administration, making them an optimal and innovative drug delivery system for inflammatory AS diseases treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16020277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]],"date-time":"2024-02-16T03:37:27Z","timestamp":1708054647000},"page":"277","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Chitosan and Anionic Solubility Enhancer Sulfobutylether-\u03b2-Cyclodextrin-Based Nanoparticles as Dexamethasone Ophthalmic Delivery System for Anti-Inflammatory Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Giuseppe Francesco","family":"Racaniello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy\u2013Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5137-7133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gennaro","family":"Balenzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy\u2013Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Arduino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy\u2013Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0737-6591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa Maria","family":"Iacobazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy\u2013Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2124-9211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Lopalco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy\u2013Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela Assunta","family":"Lopedota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy\u2013Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4074-9182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hakon Hrafn","family":"Sigurdsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7756-7828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nunzio","family":"Denora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy\u2013Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15014","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.14","article-title":"Cataract","volume":"1","author":"Lam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. 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