{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T10:37:50Z","timestamp":1791110270356,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]],"date-time":"2024-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Helicobacter pylori infections are still an important health problem and are directly related to the development of gastric ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma, mucosal lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and diabetes. At the same time, the number of substances\/drugs effective against these bacteria is limited due to increasing resistance. Raw plant materials from various species of the Rubus genus\u2014fruits and shoots\u2014have shown antimicrobial activity in numerous studies against different bacteria, including H. pylori in a planktonic form. Research carried out on a model using fragments of intravenous infusions and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) as a dye showed that the shoot extract of Rubus idaeus \u2018Willamette\u2019, the fruit extract of R. idaeus \u2018Poranna Rosa\u2019, R. idaeus and R. idaeus \u2018Laszka\u2019, and R. occidentalis Litacz\u2019 prevent the formation of biofilm by H. pylori. Active concentrations inhibiting biofilm formation were 6.65 mg\/mL for shoots and 16.65 mg\/mL for fruits. However, in the resulting biofilm, the extract from the shoots of R. idaeus \u2018Willamette\u2019 and the fruit of R. idaeus \u2018Poranna Rosa\u2019 at a concentration of 16.65 mg\/mL was active against living bacteria, and the remaining extracts showed such activity at a concentration of 33.3 mg\/mL. In studies on the interaction of the extract with antibiotics on biofilm, the extract from the shoots of R. idaeus \u2018Willamette\u2019 showed synergy with doxycycline and levofloxacin, additivity with amoxicillin and clarithromycin, and neutrality with metronidazole. H. pylori biofilm research was carried out in a newly elaborated research model\u2014culture on fragments of intravenous infusions with the addition of TTC as a marker of living bacterial cells. The research results may constitute the basis for the development of new combination therapies for the treatment of H. pylori infections, including its resistant strains. The proposed new biofilm research model, which is cheap and effective, may allow testing of new substances that are potentially more effective against H. pylori and other biofilm-forming bacterial strains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16040501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T10:11:55Z","timestamp":1712571115000},"page":"501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Anti-Helicobacter pylori Biofilm Extracts from Rubus idaeus and Rubus occidentalis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8597-3917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"Ha\u0142asa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1586-0105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Turecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3507-5486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Urszula","family":"Mizerska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Polymeric Nanomaterials, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0344-7401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miros\u0142awa","family":"Krauze-Baranowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilkinson, D., Alsharaf, L., Thompson, S., Paulin, A., Takor, R., Robinson, A.Z.K., Thomas, J., McVicker, G., and Winter, J. (2023). Characterization of a Helicobacter pylori strain with high biofilm-forming ability. J. Med. 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