{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T02:29:27Z","timestamp":1791253767492,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation, Republic of Serbia","award":["451-03-65\/2024-03\/200161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-65\/2024-03\/200161"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation, Republic of Serbia","award":["451-03-66\/2024-03\/200161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-66\/2024-03\/200161"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation, Republic of Serbia","award":["451-03-65\/2024-03\/200134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-65\/2024-03\/200134"]}]},{"name":"University of Belgrade\u2014Faculty of Pharmacy","award":["451-03-65\/2024-03\/200161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-65\/2024-03\/200161"]}]},{"name":"University of Belgrade\u2014Faculty of Pharmacy","award":["451-03-66\/2024-03\/200161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-66\/2024-03\/200161"]}]},{"name":"University of Belgrade\u2014Faculty of Pharmacy","award":["451-03-65\/2024-03\/200134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-65\/2024-03\/200134"]}]},{"name":"Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad","award":["451-03-65\/2024-03\/200161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-65\/2024-03\/200161"]}]},{"name":"Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad","award":["451-03-66\/2024-03\/200161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-66\/2024-03\/200161"]}]},{"name":"Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad","award":["451-03-65\/2024-03\/200134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-65\/2024-03\/200134"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The microencapsulation of \u03b1-tocopherol based on the complex coacervation of low-molecular-weight chitosan (LMWC) and sodium lauryl ether sulphate (SLES) without harmful crosslinkers can provide biocompatible carriers that protect it from photodegradation and air oxidation. In this study, the influence of the microcapsule wall composition on carrier performance, compatibility with a high-water-content vehicle for topical application, and release of \u03b1-tocopherol were investigated. Although the absence of aldehyde crosslinkers decreased the encapsulation efficiency of \u03b1-tocopherol (~70%), the variation in the LMWC\/SLES mass ratio (2:1 or 1:1) had no significant effect on the moisture content and microcapsule size. The prepared microcapsule-loaded carbomer hydrogels were soft semisolids with pseudoplastic flow behavior. The integrity of microcapsules embedded in the hydrogel was confirmed by light microscopy. The microcapsules reduced the pH, apparent viscosity, and hysteresis area of the hydrogels, while increasing their spreading ability on a flat inert surface and dispersion rate in artificial sweat. The in vitro release of \u03b1-tocopherol from crosslinker-free microcapsule-loaded hydrogels was diffusion-controlled. The release profile was influenced by the LMWC\/SLES mass ratio, apparent viscosity, type of synthetic membrane, and acceptor medium composition. Better data quality for the model-independent analysis was achieved when a cellulose nitrate membrane and ethyl alcohol 60% w\/w as acceptor medium were used.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16050628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T11:00:10Z","timestamp":1715079610000},"page":"628","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Carbomer Hydrogels with Microencapsulated \u03b1-Tocopherol: Focus on the Biocompatibility of the Microcapsules, Topical Application Attributes, and In Vitro Release Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ljiljana","family":"\u0110eki\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1113-4456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jelena","family":"Milinkovi\u0107 Budin\u010di\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Du\u0161anka","family":"Stani\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jadranka","family":"Fraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9542-9576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lidija","family":"Petrovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000097:1","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202000097","article-title":"Inflammatory Diseases and Vitamin E\u2014What Do We Know and Where Do We Go?","volume":"65","author":"Wallert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. 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