{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:14:45Z","timestamp":1760145285800,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,29]],"date-time":"2024-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European project Horizon 2020","award":["MSCA-RISE-2016-734759","AMAZ\u00d4NIA 88881.200581\/201801","CT&I \u00c1REAS PRIORIT\u00c1RIAS #01.02.016301.03422\/2021-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MSCA-RISE-2016-734759","AMAZ\u00d4NIA 88881.200581\/201801","CT&I \u00c1REAS PRIORIT\u00c1RIAS #01.02.016301.03422\/2021-03"]}]},{"name":"PROCAD","award":["MSCA-RISE-2016-734759","AMAZ\u00d4NIA 88881.200581\/201801","CT&I \u00c1REAS PRIORIT\u00c1RIAS #01.02.016301.03422\/2021-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MSCA-RISE-2016-734759","AMAZ\u00d4NIA 88881.200581\/201801","CT&I \u00c1REAS PRIORIT\u00c1RIAS #01.02.016301.03422\/2021-03"]}]},{"name":"FAPEAM","award":["MSCA-RISE-2016-734759","AMAZ\u00d4NIA 88881.200581\/201801","CT&I \u00c1REAS PRIORIT\u00c1RIAS #01.02.016301.03422\/2021-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MSCA-RISE-2016-734759","AMAZ\u00d4NIA 88881.200581\/201801","CT&I \u00c1REAS PRIORIT\u00c1RIAS #01.02.016301.03422\/2021-03"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>American cutaneous leishmaniasis is a disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania. Currently, meglumine antimoniate is the first-choice treatment for the disease. The limited efficacy and high toxicity of the drug results in the necessity to search for new active principles. Nanotechnology is gaining importance in the field, since it can provide better efficacy and lower toxicity of the drugs. The present study aimed to synthesize, characterize, and evaluate the in vitro leishmanicidal and antileukemic activity of bismuth nanoparticles (BiNPs). Promastigotes and amastigotes of L. (V.) guyanensis and L. (L.) amazonensis were exposed to BiNPs. The efficacy of the nanoparticles was determined by measurement of the parasite viability and the percentage of infected cells, while the cytotoxicity was characterized by the colorimetry. BiNPs did not induce cytotoxicity in murine peritoneal macrophages and showed better efficacy in inhibiting promastigotes (IC50 &lt; 0.46 nM) and amastigotes of L. (L.) amazonensis. This is the first report on the leishmanicidal activity of Bi-based materials against L. (V.) guayanensis. BiNPs demonstrated significant cytotoxic activity against K562 and HL60 cells at all evaluated concentrations. While the nanoparticles also showed some cytotoxicity towards non-cancerous Vero cells, the effect was much lower compared to that on cancer cells. Treatment with BiNPs also had a significant effect on inhibiting and reducing colony formation in HL60 cells. These results indicate that bismuth nanoparticles have the potential for an inhibitory effect on the clonal expansion of cancer cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16070874","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T06:04:18Z","timestamp":1719986658000},"page":"874","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Second Wind for Inorganic APIs: Leishmanicidal and Antileukemic Activity of Hydrated Bismuth Oxide Nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7387-3676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andriy","family":"Grafov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen Aukio 1 (PL 55), 00560 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Fl\u00e1via","family":"da Silva Chagas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multi-User Center for Analysis of Biomedical Phenomena, State University of Amazonas, Manaus 69065-001, AM, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"de Freitas Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduate Program in Hematology, The State University of Amazon, Foundation of Hematology and Hemotherapy of Amazonas, Manaus 69050-010, AM, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, INPA, Manaus 69067-375, AM, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wessal","family":"Ouedrhiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen Aukio 1 (PL 55), 00560 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0822-2866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierfrancesco","family":"Cerruti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Polymers, Composites, and Biomaterials, National Research Council, 80078 Pozzuoli, NA, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Del Barone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Polymers, Composites, and Biomaterials, National Research Council, 80078 Pozzuoli, NA, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Breno","family":"de Souza Mota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos Eduardo","family":"de Castro Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, INPA, Manaus 69067-375, AM, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anny Ma\u00edza Vargas","family":"Brasil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coordination of Biomedicine, FAMETRO University Center, Manaus 69050-000, AM, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonia Maria Ramos Franco","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Leishmaniasis and Chagas Disease, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus 69067-375, AM, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9001-7954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gemilson","family":"Soares Pontes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduate Program in Hematology, The State University of Amazon, Foundation of Hematology and Hemotherapy of Amazonas, Manaus 69050-010, AM, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, INPA, Manaus 69067-375, AM, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01541","article-title":"Experimental Detection of \u03b1-Particles from the Radioactive Decay of Natural Bismuth","volume":"422","author":"Coron","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"321","article-title":"Observations on the Effects of Magistery of Bismuth, Given Internally, as an Antispasmodic","volume":"7","author":"Odier","year":"1786","journal-title":"Lond. 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