{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T01:57:27Z","timestamp":1775872647824,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]],"date-time":"2024-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Researchers Supporting Project","award":["RSP2024R223"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2024R223"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fatal fungal infection with a high mortality rate. Voriconazole (VCZ) is considered a first-line therapy for IPA and shows efficacy in patients for whom other antifungal treatments have been unsuccessful. The objective of this study was to develop a high-potency VCZ-loaded liposomal system in the form of a dry-powder inhaler (DPI) using the spray-drying technique to convert liposomes into a nanocomposite microparticle (NCMP) DPI, formulated using a thin-film hydration technique. The physicochemical properties, including size, morphology, entrapment efficiency, and loading efficiency, of the formulated liposomes were evaluated. The NCMPs were then examined to determine their drug content, production yield, and aerodynamic size. The L3NCMP was formulated using a 1:1 lipid\/L-leucine ratio and was selected for in vitro studies of cell viability, antifungal activity, and stability. These formulated inhalable particles offer a promising approach to the effective management of IPA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16070897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T14:40:50Z","timestamp":1720449650000},"page":"897","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Novel Inhalable Dry Powder to Trigger Delivery of Voriconazole for Effective Management of Pulmonary Aspergillosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7736-6279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alanood S.","family":"Almurshedi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah N.","family":"Almarshad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6002-9249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah I.","family":"Bukhari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4398-2510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Basmah N.","family":"Aldosari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8077-9103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samiah A.","family":"Alhabardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2909-582X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fai A.","family":"Alkathiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2382-6668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imran","family":"Saleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noura S.","family":"Aldosar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6145-4837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Randa Mohammed","family":"Zaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62514, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carroll, K.C., and Adams, L.L. (2016). Lower Respiratory Tract Infections. Microbiol. Spectr.","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.DMIH2-0029-2016"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"15","article-title":"Life threatening allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) in a previously well child due to acute exposure to pulse infested with Aspergillus flavus","volume":"6","author":"Pooni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Husain, S., and Camargo, J.F. (2019). 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