{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T20:40:47Z","timestamp":1772656847675,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","award":["NRF-2020R1I1A3074384"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2020R1I1A3074384"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","award":["NRF-2020R1A5A2017323"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2020R1A5A2017323"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The quinoline alkaloid 2-(quinoline-8-carboxamido)benzoic acid (2-QBA), which is isolated from Aspergillus sp. SCSIO06786, a deep sea-derived fungus, has been suggested as a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of Parkinson\u2019s disease. We developed an analytical method for 2-QBA using a liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS\/MS) in mouse plasma, in which a protein precipitation method for the sample preparation of 2-QBA in mouse plasma was used due to its simplicity and good extraction recovery rates (80.49\u201397.56%). The linearity of the calibration standard sample, inter- and intraday precision and accuracy, and stability of three quality control samples were suitable based on the assessment criteria and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of the 2-QBA was 1 ng\/mL. A pharmacokinetic study of 2-QBA was performed in mice divided into oral (2.0, 5.0, and 15 mg\/kg) and intravenous (0.5 and 1.0 mg\/kg) administration groups. The absolute oral bioavailability (BA) range of 2-QBA was calculated as 68.3\u201383.7%. Secondary peaks were observed at approximately 4\u20138 h after the oral administration of 2-QBA at all doses. The elimination half-life of the orally administered 2-QBA was significantly longer than that of the intravenous 2-QBA. In addition, glucuronide metabolites of 2-QBA were identified. They were transformed into 2-QBA using the \u03b2-glucuronidase treatment. Furthermore, the 2-QBA was readily absorbed from the jejunum to lower ileum. Taken together, the secondary peaks could be explained by the enterohepatic circulation of 2-QBA. In conclusion, the reabsorption of orally administered 2-QBA could contribute to the high oral BA of 2-QBA and could be beneficial for the efficacy of 2-QBA. Moreover, the simple and validated analytical method for 2-QBA using LC-MS\/MS was applied to the pharmacokinetic study and BA assessments of 2-QBA in mice and would be helpful for subsequent pharmacokinetic studies, as well as for evaluations of the toxicokinetics and pharmacokinetic\u2013pharmacodynamic correlation of 2-QBA to assess its potential as a drug.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16070934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T16:23:41Z","timestamp":1720801421000},"page":"934","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Pharmacokinetics and Enterohepatic Circulation of 2-(Quinoline-8-carboxamido)benzoic Acid (2-QBA) in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ji-Hyeon","family":"Jeon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center (VOICE), College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"So-Yeon","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheon-an 31116, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yeon-Ju","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheon-an 31116, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chan-E","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheon-an 31116, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min-Koo","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheon-an 31116, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Taek","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheon-an 31116, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4564-709X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Im-Sook","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center (VOICE), College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1080\/10286020.2022.2104259","article-title":"Synthesis of a natural quinoline alkaloid isolated from the deep-sea-derived fungus and its potential as a therapeutic for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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