{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T14:41:39Z","timestamp":1792593699583,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":171,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82172392"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82172392"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82372499"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82372499"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) stands as the foremost contributor to low back pain (LBP), imposing a substantial weight on the world economy. Traditional treatment modalities encompass both conservative approaches and surgical interventions; however, the former falls short in halting IVDD progression, while the latter carries inherent risks. Hence, the quest for an efficacious method to reverse IVDD onset is paramount. Biomaterial delivery systems, exemplified by hydrogels, microspheres, and microneedles, renowned for their exceptional biocompatibility, biodegradability, biological efficacy, and mechanical attributes, have found widespread application in bone, cartilage, and various tissue engineering endeavors. Consequently, IVD tissue engineering has emerged as a burgeoning field of interest. This paper succinctly introduces the intervertebral disc (IVD) structure and the pathophysiology of IVDD, meticulously classifies biomaterials for IVD repair, and reviews recent advances in the field. Particularly, the strengths and weaknesses of biomaterials in IVD tissue engineering are emphasized, and potential avenues for future research are suggested.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16080979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T08:40:04Z","timestamp":1721896804000},"page":"979","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Cutting-Edge Biomaterials in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Tissue Engineering"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yifan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6353-5650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuyue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junyao","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taoxu","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3621-5233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Da","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2021.7359","article-title":"Management of Chronic Low Back Pain","volume":"182","author":"Cohen","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. 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