{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T05:10:10Z","timestamp":1791090610131,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using environmentally friendly methods has become increasingly important due to its sustainability and cost-effectiveness. This study investigates the green synthesis of AgNPs using gall extracts from the plant Ficus recemosa, known for its high phytochemical content. The formation of AgNPs was verified through multiple analytical techniques, including UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential analysis, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The UV-Vis spectroscopy results displayed a distinct surface plasmon resonance peak indicative of AgNP formation. FTIR analysis revealed specific interactions between silver ions and phytochemicals in the gall extract, while TEM images confirmed the nanoscale morphology and size of the synthesized particles. Zeta potential and DLS analyses provided insights into the stability and size distribution of the AgNPs, demonstrating good colloidal stability. Biological properties of the AgNPs were assessed through various assays. Antimicrobial activity was tested using the disc diffusion method against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, showing significant inhibitory effects. The anticancer potential was evaluated using the trypan blue exclusion assay on Dalton\u2019s Lymphoma Ascites (DLA) cells, revealing considerable cytotoxicity. Additionally, antimitotic activity was studied in the dividing root cells of Allium cepa, where the AgNPs significantly inhibited cell division. This research highlights the effective use of F. recemosa gall extracts for the green synthesis of AgNPs, presenting an eco-friendly approach to producing nanoparticles with strong antimicrobial, anticancer, and antimitotic properties. The promising results suggest potential applications of these biogenic AgNPs in medical and agricultural sectors, paving the way for further exploration and utilization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16081025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T12:38:20Z","timestamp":1722515900000},"page":"1025","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["From Ficus recemosa Leaf Galls to Therapeutic Silver Nanoparticles: Antibacterial and Anticancer Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2010-9351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ovungal","family":"Sabira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Pattambi 679303, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nedumbayil","family":"Drisya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Pattambi 679303, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8659-0245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthyalam Parambil","family":"Ajaykumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Pattambi 679303, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asok","family":"Mathew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Sciences Department, Centre for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9023-8853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kodangattil","family":"Narayanan Jayaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Sciences Department, Centre for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valiyaparambil Sivadasan","family":"Binitha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Sree Narayana College, Nattika 680566, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koladath Vasu","family":"Zeena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Pattambi 679303, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanakkassery Balan","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Pattambi 679303, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8612-4721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pandikkadan Ayyappan","family":"Janish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Pattambi 679303, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Padannappurath","family":"Sheena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Pattambi 679303, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaladharan Perumpaparampil","family":"Viswanathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Maharajas College, Kochi 682011, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A Review on Nanoparticles: Their Synthesis and Types","volume":"4","author":"Hasan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Res. 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