{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T19:33:24Z","timestamp":1781811204602,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Formulations designed to address ocular conditions and diseases are predominantly administered topically. While in vitro test systems have been developed to assess corneal permeation under extended contact conditions, methods focusing on determining the penetration depth and kinetics of a substance within the cornea itself rather than through it, are scarce. This study introduces a method for time-dependent penetration depth analysis (10 and 60 min) by means of a semiquantitative imaging method in comparison with a quantitative corneal depth-cut technique, employing fluorescein sodium at concentrations of 0.2 and 0.4 mg\/mL as a small molecule model substance and sheep cornea as a human surrogate. Excised tissues exhibited sustained viability in modified artificial aqueous humor and maintained thickness (746 \u00b1 43 \u00b5m) and integrity (electrical resistance 488 \u00b1 218 \u03a9\u2219cm2) under the experimental conditions. Both methods effectively demonstrated the expected concentration- and time-dependent depth of penetration of fluorescein sodium, displaying a significantly strong correlation. The traceability of the kinetic processes was validated with polysorbate 80, which acted as a penetration enhancer. Furthermore, the imaging-based method enabled detecting the retention of larger structures, such as hyaluronic acid and nanoemulsions from the commercial eyedrop formulation NEOVIS\u00ae TOTAL multi, inside the lacrimal layer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16091126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T07:53:37Z","timestamp":1724658817000},"page":"1126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Imaging-Based Drug Penetration Profiling in an Excised Sheep Cornea Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Karla","family":"Viehmeister","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aur\u00e9lie","family":"Manuelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Horus Pharma, 22, All\u00e9e Camille Muffat, Inedi 5, 06200 Nice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camille","family":"Guerin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Horus Pharma, 22, All\u00e9e Camille Muffat, Inedi 5, 06200 Nice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Kappes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alf","family":"Lamprecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Franche-Comt\u00e9, INSERM UMR1098 Right, 25030 Besan\u00e7on, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-016-0339-2","article-title":"A Comprehensive Insight on Ocular Pharmacokinetics","volume":"6","author":"Agrahari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Deliv. 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