{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T21:10:08Z","timestamp":1785877808150,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Para\u00edba State Research Support Foundation [FAPESQ-PB]","award":["16\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Para\u00edba State Research Support Foundation [FAPESQ-PB]","award":["01\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01\/2024"]}]},{"name":"State University of Paraiba","award":["16\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16\/2022"]}]},{"name":"State University of Paraiba","award":["01\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01\/2024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/objectives:\u00a0Apodanthera glaziovii is an endemic species from the semi-arid Brazilian, which has limited toxicological and pharmacological studies. This species belongs to a well-studied family known for its bioactive compounds used in treating inflammatory. This study aimed to identify secondary metabolites in the stems from A. glaziovii, evaluate toxicity, and investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of the stem hydroalcoholic extract (SHE-Ag). Methods: qualitative and quantitative assays were employed to identify secondary metabolites, along with chromatographic analyses and 1H and 13C NMR. Toxicity was assessed through in vitro hemolytic toxicity, in vivo genotoxicity, and oral acute toxicity tests before the pharmacological assays were conducted. Results: phytochemical screening, HPLC and NMR analyses suggested the presence of saponins of the norcucurbitacin class. The SHE-Ag exhibited no hemolytic activity and no mutagenic potential. However, in vivo toxicity at a dose of 2000 mg\/kg revealed hematological and biochemical alterations, while the 500 mg\/kg dose was safe. In the anti-inflammatory assays, SHE-Ag at 100 mg\/kg reduced paw edema by 55.8%, and leukocyte and neutrophil migration by 62% and 68% in the peritonitis model, respectively; inflammatory cell migration by 70% in the air pouch model, outperforming indomethacin, which showed a 54% reduction. Conclusions: these findings indicate that SHE-Ag is rich in saponins, confirmed through HPLC and 1H and 13C NMR analyses. The SHE-Ag also demonstrated low toxicity. The inflammation models used showed a reduction in inflammation, pro-inflammatory cells, and edema, highlighting the significant anti-inflammatory activity of hydroethanolic extract A. glaziovii stems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16101298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T10:20:52Z","timestamp":1728037252000},"page":"1298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Apodanthera glaziovii (Cucurbitaceae) Shows Strong Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Murine Models of Acute Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Maria Lorena de Oliveira","family":"Andrade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Phytochemistry Laboratory, Post-Graduation Program in Pharmaceuticals Sciences, State University of Para\u00edba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro Artur Ferreira","family":"Marinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Pharmacological Analysis Laboratory, Post-Graduation Program in Pharmaceuticals Sciences, State University of Para\u00edba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4152-150X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alisson Mac\u00e1rio de","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Pharmacological Analysis Laboratory, Post-Graduation Program in Pharmaceuticals Sciences, State University of Para\u00edba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6000-8747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thalisson Amorim de","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multi-User Characterization and Analysis Laboratory, Research Institute for Drugs and Medicines (IpeFarM), Federal University of Para\u00edba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58059-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0503-8692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel Paulo","family":"Cibulski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Phytochemistry Laboratory, Post-Graduation Program in Pharmaceuticals Sciences, State University of Para\u00edba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harley da Silva","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Phytochemistry Laboratory, Post-Graduation Program in Pharmaceuticals Sciences, State University of Para\u00edba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"814","article-title":"An\u00e1lise Da Preval\u00eancia Da Automedica\u00e7\u00e3o Com Anti-Inflamat\u00f3rios N\u00e3o Esteroidais Em Drogaria De Esp\u00edrito Santo Do Pinhal-SP","volume":"6","author":"Noronha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. 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