{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T02:45:00Z","timestamp":1792637100937,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]],"date-time":"2024-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Phloroglucinol (PHL), a phenolic compound extracted from the brown alga Rosenvingea\u00a0intricata, exhibits potent antioxidant and anticancer properties. This study aims to extract, purify, and characterize PHL, and further develop functionalized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) loaded with PHL to enhance its therapeutic potential. Methods: PHL was extracted using acetone and purified through Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, yielding a highly enriched fraction (F-3). The purified compound was characterized by FTIR, HPLC, NMR, and LC-MS. ZnO NPs were synthesized, PEGylated, and conjugated with PHL, forming ZnO-PEG-PHL NPs. Their characterization included DLS, zeta potential, XRD, SEM-EDAX, and encapsulation efficiency studies. Antioxidant assays (DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, RPA) were performed and in vitro cytotoxicity on A549 lung cancer cells were determined to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of PHL. Results: The purified PHL fraction showed a high phenolic content (45.65 PHL mg\/g), which was was confirmed by spectral analysis. The ZnO-PEG-PHL NPs increased in size from 32.36 nm to 46.68 nm, with their zeta potential shifting from \u221237.87 mV to \u221226.82 mV. The antioxidant activity was superior for the ZnO-PEG-PHL NPs in all assays, while the in vitro cytotoxicity tests showed an IC50 of 40 \u00b5g\/mL compared to 60 \u00b5g\/mL for the ZnO NPs and 70 \u00b5g\/mL for PHL. Apoptotic studies revealed significant cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. Conclusions: The synthesized ZnO-PEG-PHL NPs demonstrated enhanced antioxidant and anticancer properties, making them promising candidates for cancer therapy and antioxidant applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16101300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T06:23:18Z","timestamp":1728282198000},"page":"1300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Encapsulation of Phloroglucinol from Rosenvingea intricata Macroalgae with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against A549 Lung Cancer Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3808-3705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sakthivel","family":"Muthu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5768-4816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mythileeswari","family":"Lakshmikanthan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edwin","family":"Edward-Sam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Division of Virology and Molecular Biology, St. Peters Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Hosur 635130, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mutheeswaran","family":"Subramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xavier Research Foundation, St. Xavier's College, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli 627002, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7503-354X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lakshmanan","family":"Govindan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8931-6725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Afrina Begum Mithen","family":"Patcha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathiravan","family":"Krishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nallusamy","family":"Duraisamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research (MAHER), Chennai 600078, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selvakumari","family":"Jeyaperumal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Disease Control, Thiruvananthapuram Field Unit, Iranimuttam, Thiruvananthapuram 695009, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Al Thabiani","family":"Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Biodiversity Genomics Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"100153","article-title":"Geographic Accessibility to Cancer Treatment in Brazil: A Network Analysis","volume":"7","author":"Fonseca","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Reg. 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