{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T04:19:36Z","timestamp":1778645976099,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":279,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"High-level Construction Disciplines of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacy","award":["zyyzdxk-2023272"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["zyyzdxk-2023272"]}]},{"name":"High-level Construction Disciplines of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacy","award":["2023-JYB-JBQN-043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-JYB-JBQN-043"]}]},{"name":"High-level Construction Disciplines of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacy","award":["CI2021A02704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CI2021A02704"]}]},{"name":"pecial Funds for Fundamental Research Expenses of Central Universities","award":["zyyzdxk-2023272"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["zyyzdxk-2023272"]}]},{"name":"pecial Funds for Fundamental Research Expenses of Central Universities","award":["2023-JYB-JBQN-043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-JYB-JBQN-043"]}]},{"name":"pecial Funds for Fundamental Research Expenses of Central Universities","award":["CI2021A02704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CI2021A02704"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Innovation Project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences","award":["zyyzdxk-2023272"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["zyyzdxk-2023272"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Innovation Project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences","award":["2023-JYB-JBQN-043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-JYB-JBQN-043"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Innovation Project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences","award":["CI2021A02704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CI2021A02704"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Numerical simulation plays an important role in pharmaceutical preparation recently. Mechanistic models, as a type of numerical model, are widely used in the study of pharmaceutical preparations. Mechanistic models are based on a priori knowledge, i.e., laws of physics, chemistry, and biology. However, due to interdisciplinary reasons, pharmacy researchers have greater difficulties in using computer models. Methods: In this paper, we highlight the application scenarios and examples of mechanistic modelling in pharmacy research and provide a reference for drug researchers to get started. Results: By establishing a suitable model and inputting preparation parameters, researchers can analyze the drug preparation process. Therefore, mechanistic models are effective tools to optimize the preparation parameters and predict potential quality problems of the product. With product quality parameters as the ultimate goal, the experiment design is optimized by mechanistic models. This process emphasizes the concept of quality by design. Conclusions: The use of numerical simulation saves experimental cost and time, and speeds up the experimental process. In pharmacy experiments, part of the physical information and the change processes are difficult to obtain, such as the mechanical phenomena during tablet compression and the airflow details in the nasal cavity. Therefore, it is necessary to predict the information and guide the formulation with the help of mechanistic models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16101304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T06:23:18Z","timestamp":1728282198000},"page":"1304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Leveraging Numerical Simulation Technology to Advance Drug Preparation: A Comprehensive Review of Application Scenarios and Cases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Qifei","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huichao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China"},{"name":"Institute of Ethnic Medicine and Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Sui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaodan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongchao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8738-7583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shouying","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Juran, J.M. (1992). Juran on Quality by Design: The New Steps for Planning Quality into Goods and Services, Simon & Schuster."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-014-9598-3","article-title":"Understanding Pharmaceutical Quality by Design","volume":"16","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"AAPS J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s12247-014-9172-7","article-title":"Population Balance Model Development, Validation, and Prediction of CQAs of a High-Shear Wet Granulation Process: Towards QbD in Drug Product Pharmaceutical Manufacturing","volume":"9","author":"Chaudhury","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Innov."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2014.08.005","article-title":"A reduced order PBM-ANN model of a multi-scale PBM-DEM description of a wet granulation process","volume":"119","author":"Barrasso","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2020.119131","article-title":"Multicomponent granular mixing in a Bohle bin Blender-Experiments and simulation","volume":"578","author":"Sen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.3109\/03639040903173556","article-title":"Water uptake by substituted amylose tablets: Experimentation and numerical simulation","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2012.02.015","article-title":"An integrated approach for dynamic flowsheet modeling and sensitivity analysis of a continuous tablet manufacturing process","volume":"42","author":"Boukouvala","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comput. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1080\/03639045.2023.2194993","article-title":"Investigation of mixing homogeneity of binary particle systems in high-shear wet granulator by DEM","volume":"9","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.123493","article-title":"Validation of model-based design of experiments for continuous wet granulation and drying","volume":"646","author":"Matsunami","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1007\/s12247-016-9250-0","article-title":"Application of Mechanistic Models for Process Design and Development of Biologic Drug Products","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Innov."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1557\/mrs2006.210","article-title":"The Application of Computational Modeling to Pharmaceutical Materials Science","volume":"31","author":"Wassgren","year":"2011","journal-title":"MRS Bull."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2008.08.015","article-title":"Predicting discharge dynamics from a rectangular hopper using the discrete element method (DEM)","volume":"63","author":"Anand","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2005.02.012","article-title":"Empirical to mechanistic modelling in high shear granulation","volume":"60","author":"Jansson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2011.12.010","article-title":"Mechanistic modelling of the drying behaviour of single pharmaceutical granules","volume":"80","author":"Mortier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.123447","article-title":"Mechanistic modeling of semicontinuous fluidized bed drying of pharmaceutical granules by incorporating single particle and bulk drying kinetics","volume":"646","author":"Vandeputte","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1002\/nme.1620200211","article-title":"Adaptive Eulerian-Lagrangian finite element method for advection-dispersion","volume":"20","author":"Neuman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmps.2017.07.021","article-title":"A study on the uniqueness of the plastic flow direction for granular assemblies of ductile particles using discrete finite-element simulations","volume":"109","author":"Abdelmoula","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mech. Phys. Solids"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2018.12.090","article-title":"Evaluation of bulk compression using a discrete element procedure calibrated with data from triaxial compression experiments on single particles","volume":"345","author":"Jonsson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yeom, S.B., Ha, E.S., Kim, M.S., Jeong, S.H., Hwang, S.J., and Choi, D.H. (2019). Application of the Discrete Element Method for Manufacturing Process Simulation in the Pharmaceutical Industry. Pharmaceutics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics11080414"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pandey, P., Bharadwaj, R., and Chen, X. (2017). Modeling of drug product manufacturing processes in the pharmaceutical industry. Predictive Modeling of Pharmaceutical Unit Operations, Woodhead Publishing.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100154-7.00001-6"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0032-5910(02)00026-8","article-title":"Limitations of one-dimensional population balance models of wet granulation processes","volume":"124","author":"Iveson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-4530.2005.00039.x","article-title":"Prediction of Spray-Dried Product Quality Using Two Simple Drying Kinetics Models","volume":"28","author":"Patel","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Food Process Eng."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cplett.2020.138309","article-title":"Three-dimensional modelling of two-phase flow and transport in a pilot centrifugal spray dryer","volume":"765","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-022-03366-z","article-title":"On the Applicability of the Coarse Grained Coupled CFD-DEM Model to Predict the Heat Transfer During the Fluidized Bed Drying of Pharmaceutical Granules","volume":"39","author":"Aziz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, W., Wang, L., Pan, Y., Chen, M., and Chen, G. (2012). Two-Dimensional Mathematical Modeling of Heat and Mass Transfer in Fluidized-Bed Drying of Porous Material. Int. J. Food Eng., 8.","DOI":"10.1515\/1556-3758.2663"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20170093","DOI":"10.1515\/ijfe-2017-0093","article-title":"Numerical Simulation on Superheated Steam Fluidized Bed Drying at Different Operating Pressures","volume":"13","author":"Zhifeng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Eng."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/S0032-5910(99)00302-2","article-title":"Simulation of particles and gas flow behavior in the riser section of a circulating fluidized bed using the kinetic theory approach for the particulate phase","volume":"112","author":"Benyahia","year":"2000","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2009.05.011","article-title":"Modelling of dense and complex granular flow in high shear mixer granulator\u2014A CFD approach","volume":"64","author":"Ng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2021.05.019","article-title":"A two-fluid model for powder fluidisation in turbulent channel flows","volume":"389","author":"Gallagher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2016.09.001","article-title":"CFD modeling the hydrodynamics of binary particle mixture in pseudo-2D bubbling fluidized bed: Effect of model parameters","volume":"302","author":"Geng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.122638","article-title":"Advances in numerical simulation of unit operations for tablet preparation","volume":"634","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2019.04.024","article-title":"Influence of particle size and blender size on blending performance of bi-component granular mixing: A DEM and experimental study","volume":"134","author":"Tanabe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, A., Radl, S., Gernaey, K.V., De Beer, T., and Nopens, I. (2021). Particle-Scale Modeling to Understand Liquid Distribution in Twin-Screw Wet Granulation. Pharmaceutics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13070928"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2020.03.020","article-title":"High shear seeded granulation: Its preparation mechanism, formulation, process, evaluation, and mathematical simulation","volume":"366","author":"Maharjan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cherd.2020.05.020","article-title":"CFD modeling of an industrial scale two-fluid nozzle fluidized bed granulator","volume":"159","author":"Tabeei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Res. Des."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"1","article-title":"Dry Powder Mixing Is Feasible in Continuous Twin Screw Extruder: Towards Lean Extrusion Process for Oral Solid Dosage Manufacturing","volume":"22","author":"Muddu","year":"2021","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2003.08.045","article-title":"Discrete element modelling of fluidised bed spray granulation","volume":"138","author":"Goldschmidt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1080\/07373937.2012.704604","article-title":"Model of Heat and Mass Transfer in an Industrial Counter-Current Spray-Drying Tower","volume":"30","author":"Wawrzyniak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dry. Technol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2015.05.009","article-title":"Simulation of the influence of surface tension on granule morphology during spray drying using a simple capillary force model","volume":"283","author":"Breinlinger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2014.08.057","article-title":"Two-compartmental population balance modeling of a pulsed spray fluidized bed granulation based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis","volume":"475","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-chembioeng-110519-075414","article-title":"Possibilities and Limits of Computational Fluid Dynamics-Discrete Element Method Simulations in Process Engineering: A Review of Recent Advancements and Future Trends","volume":"11","author":"Kieckhefen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Chem. Biomol. Eng."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2011.05.013","article-title":"Mechanistic modelling of fluidized bed drying processes of wet porous granules: A review","volume":"79","author":"Mortier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grohn, P., Heinrich, S., and Antonyuk, S. (2023). Numerical Investigation of the Particle Dynamics in a Rotorgranulator Depending on the Properties of the Coating Liquid. Pharmaceutics, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15020469"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-021-02180-x","article-title":"Computational Modeling of Drying of Pharmaceutical Wet Granules in a Fluidized Bed Dryer Using Coupled CFD-DEM Approach","volume":"23","author":"Aziz","year":"2022","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2022.117598","article-title":"Investigation of gas-solid heat and mass transfer in a Wurster coater using a scaled CFD-DEM model","volume":"406","author":"Che","year":"2022","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cherd.2020.01.005","article-title":"A parametric study of the drying process of polypropylene particles in a pilot-scale fluidized bed dryer using Computational Fluid Dynamics","volume":"156","author":"Nabizadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Res. Des."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.139200","article-title":"Investigation of wet particle drying process in a fluidized bed dryer by CFD simulation and experimental measurement","volume":"452","author":"Tu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2021.110908","article-title":"Boiling and evaporation model for liquid-gas flows: A sharp and conservative method based on the geometrical VOF approach","volume":"452","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2018.01.032","article-title":"Euler-Lagrange model of particles circulation in a spout-fluid bed apparatus for dry coating","volume":"328","author":"Ludwig","year":"2018","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apt.2012.02.001","article-title":"A multi-dimensional population balance model approach to continuous powder mixing processes","volume":"24","author":"Sen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2016.12.053","article-title":"An experimentally validated DEM study of powder mixing in a paddle blade mixer","volume":"311","author":"Pantaleev","year":"2017","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apt.2015.12.013","article-title":"Evaluation of particle density effect for mixing behavior in a rotating drum mixer by DEM simulation","volume":"27","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2021.110215","article-title":"Accurate and efficient approximations for generalized population balances incorporating coagulation and fragmentation","volume":"435","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morrissey, J.P., Hanley, K.J., and Ooi, J.Y. (2021). Conceptualisation of an Efficient Particle-Based Simulation of a Twin-Screw Granulator. Pharmaceutics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13122136"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2013.05.014","article-title":"Large-scale CFD-DEM simulations of fluidized granular systems","volume":"98","author":"Jajcevic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385201","DOI":"10.1088\/1751-8121\/ab2cf5","article-title":"Analytical approach for solving population balances: A homotopy perturbation method","volume":"52","author":"Kaur","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Phys. A Math. Theor."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1051\/m2an\/2019036","article-title":"New volume consistent approximation for binary breakage Population Balance Equation and its convergence analysis","volume":"53","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"ESAIM Math. Model. Numer. Anal."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2013.06.051","article-title":"Spray models for discrete element simulations of particle coating processes","volume":"101","author":"Toschkoff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2013.05.051","article-title":"Modelling spray coating using a combined CFD-DEM and spherical harmonic formulation","volume":"99","author":"Hilton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giannis, K., Schilde, C., Finke, J.H., and Kwade, A. (2021). Modeling of High-Density Compaction of Pharmaceutical Tablets Using Multi-Contact Discrete Element Method. Pharmaceutics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13122194"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1090\/qam\/48291","article-title":"Soil mechanics and plastic analysis or limit design","volume":"10","author":"Drucker","year":"1952","journal-title":"Q. Appl. Math."},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"Schofield, A.N., and Wroth, P. (1968). Critical State Soil Mechanics, McGraw-hill."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2005.01.010","article-title":"Modelling the mechanical behaviour of pharmaceutical powders during compaction","volume":"152","author":"Wu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1115\/1.482793","article-title":"Densification Behavior of Ceramic Powder Under Cold Compaction","volume":"122","author":"Kim","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Eng. Mater. Technol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2014.06.050","article-title":"Assessing materials\u2019 tablet compaction properties using the Drucker-Prager Cap model","volume":"267","author":"LaMarche","year":"2014","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2018.03.012","article-title":"Lamination of biconvex tablets: Numerical and experimental study","volume":"542","author":"Mazel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-022-03389-6","article-title":"Finite Element Modeling of Powder Compaction: Mini-Tablets in Comparison with Conventionally Sized Tablets","volume":"39","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3088","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsolstr.2008.01.024","article-title":"A modified Drucker-Prager Cap model for die compaction simulation of pharmaceutical powders","volume":"45","author":"Han","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Solids Struct."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2006.11.001","article-title":"Analysis of pharmaceutical powder compaction using multiplicative hyperelasto-plastic theory","volume":"172","author":"Frenning","year":"2007","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Partheniadis, I., Terzi, V., and Nikolakakis, I. (2022). Finite Element Analysis and Modeling in Pharmaceutical Tableting. Pharmaceutics, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14030673"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3291","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.21229","article-title":"Temperature Evolution during Compaction of Pharmaceutical Powders","volume":"97","author":"Zavaliangos","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600570431","article-title":"Thermodynamic Effects in the Compression of Solids","volume":"57","author":"Hanus","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2020.08.093","article-title":"Microstructure based simulation of the disintegration and dissolution of immediate release pharmaceutical tablets","volume":"377","author":"Grof","year":"2021","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2011.10.066","article-title":"Modelling of pharmaceutical tablet swelling and dissolution using discrete element method","volume":"69","author":"Kimber","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-021-01979-y","article-title":"Investigating the Influence of Tablet Location Inside Dissolution Test Apparatus on Polymer Erosion and Drug Release of a Surface-Erodible Sustained-Release Tablet Using Computational Simulation Methods","volume":"22","author":"Lou","year":"2021","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2012.12.039","article-title":"DEM simulation of drug release from structurally heterogeneous swelling tablets","volume":"248","author":"Kimber","year":"2013","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.c22-00539","article-title":"Prediction of Critical Quality Attributes Based on the Numerical Simulation of Stress and Strain Distributions in Pharmaceutical Tablets","volume":"71","author":"Takayama","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2021.06.004","article-title":"Understanding die compaction of hollow spheres using the multi-particle finite element method (MPFEM)","volume":"391","author":"Demirtas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.minpro.2015.05.005","article-title":"DEM study of the mechanical strength of iron ore compacts","volume":"142","author":"He","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Miner. Process."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2010.08.056","article-title":"Study of cold powder compaction by using the discrete element method","volume":"208","author":"Jerier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1002\/cjce.5450790508","article-title":"A CFD assessment of film coating process viscosity models","volume":"79","author":"Alonso","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can. J. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10035-019-0953-z","article-title":"Assessment of particle rearrangement and anisotropy in high-load tableting with a DEM-based elasto-plastic cohesive model","volume":"21","author":"Cabiscol","year":"2019","journal-title":"Granul. Matter"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2018.02.006","article-title":"Compressibility and tablet forming ability of bimodal granule mixtures: Experiments and DEM simulations","volume":"540","author":"Alderborn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2018.02.015","article-title":"Study of the die compaction of powders to high relative densities using the discrete element method","volume":"330","author":"Garner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1002\/mawe.201700048","article-title":"Combination of finite element method and Drucker-Prager Cap material model for simulation of pharmaceutical tableting process","volume":"48","author":"Baroutaji","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mater. Werkst."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2022.117381","article-title":"Predictive modelling of powder compaction for binary mixtures using the finite element method","volume":"403","author":"Fragkopoulos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2018.03.068","article-title":"Sensitivity of elastic parameters during the numerical simulation of pharmaceutical die compaction process with Drucker-Prager\/Cap model","volume":"332","author":"Diarra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2018.11.003","article-title":"Effect of friction between powder and tooling on the die-wall pressure evolution during tableting: Experimental and numerical results for flat and concave punches","volume":"554","author":"Mazel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2014.04.086","article-title":"Mechanisms of crack formation in die compacted powders during unloading and ejection: An experimental and modeling comparison between standard straight and tapered dies","volume":"264","author":"Garner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2017.01.015","article-title":"Review: Calibration of the discrete element method","volume":"310","author":"Coetzee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-013-9925-5","article-title":"Experimental Analysis of Tablet Properties for Discrete Element Modeling of an Active Coating Process","volume":"14","author":"Just","year":"2013","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2015.03.013","article-title":"Comparisons of intra-tablet coating variability using DEM simulations, asymptotic limit models, and experiments","volume":"131","author":"Freireich","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4082","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.24621","article-title":"Modeling of an Active Tablet Coating Process","volume":"104","author":"Toschkoff","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horabik, J., Wi\u0105cek, J., Parafiniuk, P., Stasiak, M., Ba\u0144da, M., Koby\u0142ka, R., and Molenda, M. (2020). Discrete Element Method Modelling of the Diametral Compression of Starch Agglomerates. Materials, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13040932"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cma.2008.05.002","article-title":"An efficient finite\/discrete element procedure for simulating compression of 3D particle assemblies","volume":"197","author":"Frenning","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1080\/17425247.2019.1551875","article-title":"Use of computational fluid dynamics deposition modeling in respiratory drug delivery","volume":"16","author":"Longest","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kleven, M., Melaaen, M.C., and Djupesland, P.G. (2012). Computational Fluid Dynamics (Cfd) Applied in the Drug Delivery Design Process To the Nasal Passages: A Review. J. Mech. Med. Biol., 12.","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219519411004526"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1089\/jam.2006.19.290","article-title":"Improving prediction of aerosol deposition in an idealized mouth using Large-Eddy Simulation","volume":"19","author":"Matida","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Aerosol Med. -Depos. Clear. Eff. Lung"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2003.09.002","article-title":"Predicting extrathoracic deposition from dry powder inhalers","volume":"35","author":"DeHaan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Aerosol Sci."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-018-0281-y","article-title":"Development of a New Inhaler for High-Efficiency Dispersion of Spray-Dried Powders Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Modeling","volume":"21","author":"Longest","year":"2019","journal-title":"AAPS J."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2014.1158","article-title":"Efficient Nose-to-Lung (N2L) Aerosol Delivery with a Dry Powder Inhaler","volume":"28","author":"Longest","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Aerosol Med. Pulm. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2008.0708","article-title":"Evaluation of the Respimat Soft Mist Inhaler using a Concurrent CFD and In Vitro Approach","volume":"22","author":"Longest","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Aerosol Med. Pulm. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2011.07.004","article-title":"Numerical investigation of the de-agglomeration mechanisms of fine powders on mechanical impaction","volume":"42","author":"Tong","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Aerosol Sci."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2016.08.002","article-title":"Effects of nasal drug delivery device and its orientation on sprayed particle deposition in a realistic human nasal cavity","volume":"77","author":"Tong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2022.114461","article-title":"Recent developments in the computational simulation of dry powder inhalers","volume":"188","author":"Capecelatro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.2012.01525.x","article-title":"Rational design of a dry powder inhaler: Device design and optimisation","volume":"64","author":"Friebel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2014.04.065","article-title":"Towards the optimisation and adaptation of dry powder inhalers","volume":"470","author":"Cui","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-007-9262-z","article-title":"Influence of mouthpiece geometry on the aerosol delivery performance of a dry powder inhaler","volume":"24","author":"Coates","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.20603","article-title":"Effect of design on the performance of a dry powder inhaler using computational fluid dynamics. Part 2: Air inlet size","volume":"95","author":"Coates","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2086","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-014-1601-2","article-title":"Multi-Scale Modelling of Powder Dispersion in a Carrier-Based Inhalation System","volume":"32","author":"Tong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1002\/aic.15424","article-title":"Simulation of dry powder inhalers: Combining micro-scale, meso-scale and macro-scale modeling","volume":"63","author":"Thalberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aiche J."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2011.05.010","article-title":"Drag law for monodisperse gas-solid systems using particle-resolved direct numerical simulation of flow past fixed assemblies of spheres","volume":"37","author":"Tenneti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Multiph. Flow"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1002\/aic.14645","article-title":"A New Drag Correlation from Fully Resolved Simulations of Flow Past Monodisperse Static Arrays of Spheres","volume":"61","author":"Tang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aiche J."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.12.008","article-title":"Potential and constraints for the application of CFD combined with Lagrangian particle tracking to dry powder inhalers","volume":"128","author":"Sommerfeld","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng, Z.Y., Leung, S.S.Y., and Gupta, R. (2021). Flow and Particle Modelling of Dry Powder Inhalers: Methodologies, Recent Development and Emerging Applications. Pharmaceutics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13020189"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1080\/17425247.2022.2026922","article-title":"Combining experimental and computational techniques to understand and improve dry powder inhalers","volume":"19","author":"Chaugule","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2011.10.004","article-title":"The use of computational approaches in inhaler development","volume":"64","author":"Wong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.2013.753053","article-title":"The use of computational fluid dynamics in inhaler design","volume":"10","author":"Ruzycki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s10494-017-9835-9","article-title":"Application of Lattice-Boltzmann Method for Analysing Detachment of Micron-Sized Particles from Carrier Particles in Turbulent Flows","volume":"100","author":"Cui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Flow Turbul. Combust."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2023.106262","article-title":"Development of an effective two-equation turbulence modeling approach for simulating aerosol deposition across a range of turbulence levels","volume":"175","author":"Jubaer","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Aerosol Sci."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2021.105851","article-title":"Evaluation of the polyhedral mesh style for predicting aerosol deposition in representative models of the conducting airways","volume":"159","author":"Thomas","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Aerosol Sci."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2015.11.027","article-title":"Current Inhalers Deliver Very Small Doses to the Lower Tracheobronchial Airways: Assessment of Healthy and Constricted Lungs","volume":"105","author":"Walenga","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-020-01667-3","article-title":"Development of Dry Powder Inhaler Patient Interfaces for Improved Aerosol Delivery to Children","volume":"21","author":"Bass","year":"2020","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-020-02923-8","article-title":"CFD Guided Optimization of Nose-to-Lung Aerosol Delivery in Adults: Effects of Inhalation Waveforms and Synchronized Aerosol Delivery","volume":"37","author":"Dutta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2014.08.003","article-title":"Variability in nose-to-lung aerosol delivery","volume":"78","author":"Walenga","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Aerosol Sci."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2018.1561765","article-title":"Magnetic aerosol drug targeting in lung cancer therapy using permanent magnet","volume":"26","author":"Manshadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.123098","article-title":"Machine learning and sensitivity analysis for predicting nasal drug delivery for targeted deposition","volume":"642","author":"Calmet","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-013-0954-8","article-title":"Airflow and Particle Deposition Simulations in Health and Emphysema: From In Vivo to In Silico Animal Experiments","volume":"42","author":"Oakes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-015-1837-5","article-title":"Absorption and Clearance of Pharmaceutical Aerosols in the Human Nose: Effects of Nasal Spray Suspension Particle Size and Properties","volume":"33","author":"Rygg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-012-0691-y","article-title":"Comparing MDI and DPI Aerosol Deposition Using In Vitro Experiments and a New Stochastic Individual Path (SIP) Model of the Conducting Airways","volume":"29","author":"Longest","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2011.05.009","article-title":"In silico models of aerosol delivery to the respiratory tract\u2014Development and applications","volume":"64","author":"Longest","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105574","article-title":"Estimating inter-patient variability of dispersion in dry powder inhalers using CFD-DEM simulations","volume":"156","author":"Benque","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-013-1001-z","article-title":"Aerodynamic Factors Responsible for the Deaggregation of Carrier-Free Drug Powders to Form Micrometer and Submicrometer Aerosols","volume":"30","author":"Longest","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106226","article-title":"Capsule-Based dry powder inhaler evaluation using CFD-DEM simulations and next generation impactor data","volume":"175","author":"Almeida","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-012-9379-9","article-title":"Effect of Device Design on the In Vitro Performance and Comparability for Capsule-Based Dry Powder Inhalers","volume":"14","author":"Shur","year":"2012","journal-title":"AAPS J."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.123556","article-title":"CFD-DEM investigation of the effects of aperture size for a capsule-based dry powder inhaler","volume":"647","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2021.106073","article-title":"Carrier particle emission and dispersion in transient CFD-DEM simulations of a capsule-based DPI","volume":"168","author":"Benque","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2023.118534","article-title":"Numerical simulation investigation of drug deposition process during nasal administration with auxiliary airflow","volume":"426","author":"Ren","year":"2023","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Inthavong, K., Das, P., Singh, N., and Sznitman, J. (2019). In silico approaches to respiratory nasal flows: A review. J. Biomech., 97.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109434"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2010.11.008","article-title":"Simulation of sprayed particle deposition in a human nasal cavity including a nasal spray device","volume":"42","author":"Inthavong","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Aerosol Sci."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-016-1896-2","article-title":"Visualization and Quantification of Nasal and Olfactory Deposition in a Sectional Adult Nasal Airway Cast","volume":"33","author":"Xi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farnoud, A., Baumann, I., Rashidi, M.M., Schmid, O., and Gutheil, E. (2020). Simulation of patient-specific bi-directional pulsating nasal aerosol dispersion and deposition with clockwise 45\u00b0 and 90\u00b0 nosepieces. Comput. Biol. Med., 123.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2020.103816"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farnoud, A., Tofighian, H., Baumann, I., Martin, A.R., Rashidi, M.M., Menden, M.P., and Schmid, O. (2021). Pulsatile Bi-Directional Aerosol Flow Affects Aerosol Delivery to the Intranasal Olfactory Region: A Patient-Specific Computational Study. Front. Pharmacol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.746420"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.123341","article-title":"Olfactory drug delivery with intranasal sprays after nasal midvault reconstruction","volume":"644","author":"Chiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.03.027","article-title":"Nasal dilation effects on olfactory deposition in unilateral and bi-directional deliveries: In vitro tests and numerical modeling","volume":"118","author":"Xi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.30155","article-title":"Intranasal Spray Characteristics for Best Drug Delivery in Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis","volume":"133","author":"Popper","year":"2022","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2018.1454","article-title":"In Vitro Tests for Aerosol Deposition. VI: Realistic Testing with Different Mouth-Throat Models and In Vitro In VivoCorrelations for a Dry Powder Inhaler, Metered Dose Inhaler, and Soft Mist Inhaler","volume":"31","author":"Wei","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Aerosol Med. Pulm. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-017-2210-7","article-title":"Small Airway Absorption and Microdosimetry of Inhaled Corticosteroid Particles after Deposition","volume":"34","author":"Longest","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2017.09.033","article-title":"One (sub-)acinus for all: Fate of inhaled aerosols in heterogeneous pulmonary acinar structures","volume":"113","author":"Hofemeier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2017.07.004","article-title":"Computational modeling of aerosol transport, dispersion, and deposition in rhythmically expanding and contracting terminal alveoli","volume":"112","author":"Talaat","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Aerosol Sci."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.12.057","article-title":"Distribution of nanoparticle depositions after a single breathing in a murine pulmonary acinus model","volume":"108","author":"Sera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Heat Mass Transf."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2023.106166","article-title":"Fluid-structure interaction analysis of airflow, structural mechanics and aerosol dynamics in a four-generation acinar model","volume":"171","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Aerosol Sci."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2016.10.020","article-title":"Computationally efficient analysis of particle transport and deposition in a human whole-lung-airway model. Part I: Theory and model validation","volume":"79","author":"Kolanjiyil","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2016.10.025","article-title":"Computationally efficient analysis of particle transport and deposition in a human whole-lung-airway model. Part II: Dry powder inhaler application","volume":"84","author":"Kolanjiyil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2024.106724","article-title":"Investigating distributions of inhaled aerosols in the lungs of post-COVID-19 clusters through a unified imaging and modeling approach","volume":"195","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s12650-017-0456-0","article-title":"Visualization of local deposition of nebulized aerosols in a human upper respiratory tract model","volume":"21","author":"Xi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1080\/02786826.2014.887829","article-title":"Targeted Lung Delivery of Nasally Administered Aerosols","volume":"48","author":"Tian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aerosol Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2011.07.005","article-title":"Development of a stochastic individual path (SIP) model for predicting the tracheobronchial deposition of pharmaceutical aerosols: Effects of transient inhalation and sampling the airways","volume":"42","author":"Tian","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Aerosol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walenga, R.L., Tian, G., and Longest, P.W. (2013). Development of Characteristic Upper Tracheobronchial Airway Models for Testing Pharmaceutical Aerosol Delivery. J. Biomech. Eng. -Trans. Asme, 135.","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4024630"},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-8502(94)00113-D","article-title":"Physiologically realistic models of bronchial airway bifurcations","volume":"26","author":"Heistracher","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Aerosol Sci."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1089\/jam.2006.0617","article-title":"Computational Analyses of a Pressurized Metered Dose Inhaler and a New Drug-Aerosol Targeting Methodology","volume":"20","author":"Kleinstreuer","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Aerosol Med."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1177\/1757482X18791891","article-title":"Deposition of bolus and continuously inhaled aerosols in rhythmically moving terminal alveoli","volume":"10","author":"Xi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Comput. Multiph. Flows"},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boyuklieva, R., Zagorchev, P., and Pilicheva, B. (2023). Computational, In Vitro, and In Vivo Models for Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery Studies. Biomedicines, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11082198"},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612826666201112143230","article-title":"Recent In Vitro and In Silico Advances in the Understanding of Intranasal Drug Delivery","volume":"27","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2018.01.011","article-title":"Review: The role of computational simulation in understanding the postoperative sinonasal environment","volume":"68","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1007\/s42757-022-0145-7","article-title":"Prediction of transport, deposition, and resultant immune response of nasal spray vaccine droplets using a CFPD-HCD model in a 6-year-old upper airway geometry to potentially prevent COVID-19","volume":"5","author":"Hayati","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Comput. Multiph. Flow"},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2016.1295","article-title":"Nasal and Olfactory Deposition with Normal and Bidirectional Intranasal Delivery Techniques:In VitroTests and Numerical Simulations","volume":"30","author":"Xi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Aerosol Med. Pulm. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen, Z., Dong, J., Milton-McGurk, L., Cai, X., Gholizadeh, H., Chan, H.-K., Lee, A., Kourmatzis, A., and Cheng, S. (2023). Numerical analysis of airflow and particle deposition in multi-fidelity designs of nasal replicas following nasal administration. Comput. Methods Programs Biomed., 241.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2023.107778"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.122695","article-title":"Liposomal form of erlotinib for local inhalation administration and efficiency of its transport to the lungs","volume":"634","author":"Elcner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.122979","article-title":"Non-spherical drug particle deposition in human airway using computational fluid dynamics and discrete element method","volume":"639","author":"Tanprasert","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1039\/C7LC00242D","article-title":"Microfluidic-assisted fabrication of carriers for controlled drug delivery","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.9b00853","article-title":"Microfluidic Methods for Fabrication and Engineering of Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems","volume":"3","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7468","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.0c01289","article-title":"Microfluidics for Drug Development: From Synthesis to Evaluation","volume":"121","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100733","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.202100733","article-title":"Microfluidic-Generated Biopolymer Microparticles as Cargo Delivery Systems","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Technol."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4134","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.9b04747","article-title":"Formulation of Nanoparticles Using Mixing-Induced Nanoprecipitation for Drug Delivery","volume":"59","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2674","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0318030","article-title":"Controlled vesicle self-assembly in microfluidic channels with hydrodynamic focusing","volume":"126","author":"Jahn","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1021\/nn901676x","article-title":"Microfluidic Mixing and the Formation of Nanoscale Lipid Vesicles","volume":"4","author":"Jahn","year":"2010","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2403","DOI":"10.1039\/C4LC00334A","article-title":"A facile route to the synthesis of monodisperse nanoscale liposomes using 3D microfluidic hydrodynamic focusing in a concentric capillary array","volume":"14","author":"Hood","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4465","DOI":"10.1021\/ac060572n","article-title":"Achieving uniform mixing in a microfluidic device: Hydrodynamic focusing prior to mixing","volume":"78","author":"Park","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_180","first-page":"H79","article-title":"Synthesis of Size-Tunable Polymeric Nanoparticles Enabled by 3D Hydrodynamic Flow Focusing in Single-Layer Microchannels","volume":"23","author":"Rhee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2010.12.008","article-title":"Effect of micro-channel geometry on fluid flow and mixing","volume":"19","author":"Naher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Simul. Model. Pract. Theory"},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1002\/cjce.23074","article-title":"On the mixing characteristics of a poorly water soluble drug through microfluidic-assisted nanoprecipitation: Experimental and numerical study","volume":"96","author":"Rahimi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can. J. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2017.06.011","article-title":"Simulation of antisolvent crystallization in impinging jets with coupled multiphase flow-micromixing-PBE","volume":"171","author":"Cheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uhlemann, J., Diedam, H., Hoheisel, W., Schikarski, T., and Peukert, W. (2020). Modeling and Simulation of Process Technology for Nanoparticulate Drug Formulations\u2014A Particle Technology Perspective. Pharmaceutics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13010022"},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2300007","DOI":"10.1002\/crat.202300007","article-title":"Hydrodynamics and Transport Mechanism of Microfluidic Mixing in Precipitation of Nanodrugs: A Review","volume":"58","author":"Behera","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cryst. Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1021\/la303675g","article-title":"Freezing Continuous-Flow Self-Assembly in a Microfluidic Device: Toward Imaging of Liposome Formation","volume":"29","author":"Jahn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-013-0998-3","article-title":"Microfluidic Synthesis of PEG- and Folate-Conjugated Liposomes for One-Step Formation of Targeted Stealth Nanocarriers","volume":"30","author":"Hood","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5790","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201501345","article-title":"High-Throughput Continuous Flow Production of Nanoscale Liposomes by Microfluidic Vertical Flow Focusing","volume":"11","author":"Hood","year":"2015","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi, S., Kang, B., Yang, E., Kim, K., Kwak, M.K., Chang, P.-S., and Jung, H.-S. (2023). Precise control of liposome size using characteristic time depends on solvent type and membrane properties. Sci. Rep., 13.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-31895-z"},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16290","DOI":"10.1002\/aic.16290","article-title":"Droplets generation under different flow rates in T-junction microchannel with a neck","volume":"66","author":"Pang","year":"2020","journal-title":"AIChE J."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zizzari, A., Bianco, M., Carbone, L., Perrone, E., Amato, F., Maruccio, G., Rendina, F., and Arima, V. (2017). Continuous-Flow Production of Injectable Liposomes via a Microfluidic Approach. Materials, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma10121411"},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-5362.268207","article-title":"Microfluidic-assisted preparation of PLGA nanoparticles for drug delivery purposes: Experimental study and computational fluid dynamic simulation","volume":"14","author":"Fattahi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2021.116468","article-title":"Insight into drug encapsulation in polymeric nanoparticles using microfluidic nanoprecipitation","volume":"235","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2018.03.167","article-title":"Modelling the synthesis of nanoparticles in continuous microreactors: The role of diffusion and residence time distribution on nanoparticle characteristics","volume":"350","author":"Panariello","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_195","first-page":"174","article-title":"Nucleation Rate Prediction of Curcumin Particles in Microfluidic-Assisted Nanoprecipitation","volume":"44","author":"Mir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yadav, P.R., Han, T., Olatunji, O., Pattanayek, S.K., and Das, D.B. (2020). Mathematical Modelling, Simulation and Optimisation of Microneedles for Transdermal Drug Delivery: Trends and Progress. Pharmaceutics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12080693"},{"key":"ref_197","first-page":"1","article-title":"Transdermal Microneedles\u2014A Materials Perspective","volume":"21","author":"Ali","year":"2019","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2020.119673","article-title":"Current trends in polymer microneedle for transdermal drug delivery","volume":"587","author":"Mahmood","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2020.101923","article-title":"A review of recent advances in microneedle technology for transdermal drug delivery","volume":"59","author":"Nagarkar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40377","DOI":"10.1002\/app.40377","article-title":"Microneedles from fish scale biopolymer","volume":"131","author":"Olatunji","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2019.104976","article-title":"Fabrication and finite element analysis of stereolithographic 3D printed microneedles for transdermal delivery of model dyes across human skin in vitro","volume":"137","author":"Xenikakis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10544-018-0262-z","article-title":"Finite element analysis of hollow out-of-plane HfO2 microneedles for transdermal drug delivery applications","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Microdevices"},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105339","article-title":"A new computational method of modeling and evaluation of dissolving microneedle for drug delivery applications: Extension to theoretical modeling of a novel design of microneedle (array in array) for efficient drug delivery","volume":"150","author":"Zoudani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2012.01.001","article-title":"Application of numerical methods for diffusion-based modeling of skin permeation","volume":"65","author":"Frasch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2011.02.023","article-title":"Mathematical models of skin permeability: An overview","volume":"418","author":"Mitragotri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2019.6576","article-title":"Investigation of Cross-Species Scaling Methods for Traumatic Brain Injury Using Finite Element Analysis","volume":"37","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Henriquez, F., Celentano, D., Vega, M., Pincheira, G., and Morales-Ferreiro, J.O. (2023). Modeling of Microneedle Arrays in Transdermal Drug Delivery Applications. Pharmaceutics, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15020358"},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2022.01.028","article-title":"Mathematical modeling of transdermal drug delivery using microneedle","volume":"53","author":"Benslimane","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Today Proc."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/s10559-018-0037-9","article-title":"Optimal Control of Drug Delivery from Microneedle Systems*","volume":"54","author":"Lyashko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cybern. Syst. Anal."},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1080\/17425255.2020.1832081","article-title":"Modeling drug transport within the viable skin\u2014A review","volume":"17","author":"Calcutt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.04083.x","article-title":"Optimizing Microneedle Arrays to Increase Skin Permeability for Transdermal Drug Delivery","volume":"1161","author":"Das","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. New York Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cherd.2008.06.002","article-title":"Transdermal drug delivery by coated microneedles: Geometry effects on effective skin thickness and drug permeability","volume":"86","author":"Davidson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Res. Des."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2014.06.031","article-title":"Microneedle assisted micro-particle delivery by gene guns: Mathematical model formulation and experimental verification","volume":"125","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2933","DOI":"10.1007\/s12206-017-0536-z","article-title":"Modeling and flow analysis of piezoelectric based micropump with various shapes of microneedle","volume":"31","author":"Haldkar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mech. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/s10404-009-0467-9","article-title":"Structural and microfluidic analysis of hollow side-open polymeric microneedles for transdermal drug delivery applications","volume":"8","author":"Bodhale","year":"2009","journal-title":"Microfluid. Nanofluidics"},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Groves, R.B. (2012). Quantifying the Mechanical Properties of Skin In Vivo and Ex Vivo to Optimise Microneedle Device Design. [Ph.D. Thesis, Cardiff University].","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2011.596481"},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2016.1173684","article-title":"Predicting the optimal geometry of microneedles and their array for dermal vaccination using a computational model","volume":"19","author":"Bader","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.11.023","article-title":"Structural characterisation and transdermal delivery studies on sugar microneedles: Experimental and finite element modelling analyses","volume":"89","author":"Loizidou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1002\/pen.25078","article-title":"A review on microfabrication of thermoplastic polymer-based microneedle arrays","volume":"59","author":"Juster","year":"2019","journal-title":"Polym. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan, Q., Weng, J., Shen, S., Wang, Y., Fang, M., Zheng, G., Yang, Q., and Yang, G. (2021). Finite Element Analysis for Biodegradable Dissolving Microneedle Materials on Skin Puncture and Mechanical Performance Evaluation. Polymers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13183043"},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-008-0605-3","article-title":"Glass microneedles for force measurements: A finite-element analysis model","volume":"457","author":"Ayittey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Arch.\u2014Eur. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/KEM.516.624","article-title":"Optimal Design of Microneedles Inserts into Skin by Numerical Simulation","volume":"516","author":"Chiu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Key Eng. Mater."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2010.497144","article-title":"Numerical simulation of microneedles\u2019 insertion into skin","volume":"14","author":"Kong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4100","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.23724","article-title":"Effect of Microneedle Geometry and Supporting Substrate on Microneedle Array Penetration into Skin","volume":"102","author":"Kochhar","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.06.023","article-title":"Evaluation of geometrical effects of microneedles on skin penetration by CT scan and finite element analysis","volume":"107","author":"Loizidou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2020.111544","article-title":"Design, characterization, and modeling of a chitosan microneedle patch for transdermal delivery of meloxicam as a pain management strategy for use in cattle","volume":"118","author":"Carlton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2012.10.021","article-title":"An anisotropic, hyperelastic model for skin: Experimental measurements, finite element modelling and identification of parameters for human and murine skin","volume":"18","author":"Groves","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-019-01210-9","article-title":"A microstructurally inspired constitutive model for skin mechanics","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol."},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2011.04.004","article-title":"Epidermal Thickness and Biomechanical Properties of Plantar Tissues in Diabetic Foot","volume":"37","author":"Chao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan, Q.Y., Shen, S.L., Wang, Y., Weng, J.Q., Wan, A.Q., Yang, G.S., and Feng, L.L. (2022). The Finite Element Analysis Research on Microneedle Design Strategy and Transdermal Drug Delivery System. Pharmaceutics, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14081625"},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mser.2016.03.001","article-title":"Microneedle arrays as transdermal and intradermal drug delivery systems: Materials science, manufacture and commercial development","volume":"104","author":"Lutton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. R: Rep."},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1007\/s42242-019-00041-y","article-title":"Mathematical modeling of drug release from biodegradable polymeric microneedles","volume":"2","author":"Chavoshi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bio-Des. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_233","first-page":"219","article-title":"Variational finite element method to study the absorption rate of drug at various compartments through transdermal drug delivery system","volume":"51","author":"Khanday","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alex. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2015.06.019","article-title":"Diffusion profile of macromolecules within and between human skin layers for (trans)dermal drug delivery","volume":"50","author":"Bader","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levrini, L., Paracchini, L., and Nosotti, M.G. (2019). The Capacity of Periodontal Gel to Occupy the Spaces Inside the Periodontal Pockets Using Computational Fluid Dynamic. Dent. J., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/dj8010001"},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Senarat, S., Pornsawad, P., Lertsuphotvanit, N., \u00d8stergaard, J., and Phaechamud, T. (2023). Numerical Mechanistic Modelling of Drug Release from Solvent-Removal Zein-Based In Situ Gel. Pharmaceutics, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15102401"},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2021.118187","article-title":"Controlled release of iodine from cross-linked cyclodextrin metal-organic frameworks for prolonged periodontal pocket therapy","volume":"267","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-019-0317-y","article-title":"Dissolution Chamber for Small Drug Delivery System in the Periodontal Pocket","volume":"21","author":"Ren","year":"2019","journal-title":"AAPS J."},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2022.121646","article-title":"Modification of small dissolution chamber system for long-acting periodontal drug product evaluation","volume":"618","author":"Wanasathop","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4035","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.5b01684","article-title":"Role of Molecular Dynamics and Related Methods in Drug Discovery","volume":"59","author":"Masetti","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keshtkar, M., Mehdipour, N., and Eslami, H. (2022). Supramolecular Self-Assembly of Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and Carbon Nanotubes: A Dissipative Particle Dynamics Simulation Study. Nanomaterials, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12152653"},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6097","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c01835","article-title":"Insights into Hydrophobic Ion Pairing from Molecular Simulation and Experiment","volume":"14","author":"Kozuch","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2306337","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202306337","article-title":"Self-Assembly Pathways of Triblock Janus Particles into 3D Open Lattices","volume":"20","author":"Eslami","year":"2023","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18045","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.4c03858","article-title":"Metadynamics Simulations of Three-Dimensional Nanocrystals Self-Assembled from Triblock Janus Nanoparticles: Implications for Light Filtering","volume":"7","author":"Eslami","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2019.02.007","article-title":"Molecular simulation as a computational pharmaceutics tool to predict drug solubility, solubilization processes and partitioning","volume":"137","author":"Hossain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-4655(95)00041-D","article-title":"AMBER, a package of computer programs for applying molecular mechanics, normal mode analysis, molecular dynamics and free energy calculations to simulate the structural and energetic properties of molecules","volume":"91","author":"Pearlman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Comput. Phys. Commun."},{"key":"ref_247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.540040211","article-title":"CHARMM: A Program for Macromolecular Energy, Minimization, and Dynamics Calculations","volume":"4","author":"Brooks","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"key":"ref_248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.21287","article-title":"CHARMM: The biomolecular simulation program","volume":"30","author":"Brooks","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"key":"ref_249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.20289","article-title":"Scalable molecular dynamics with NAMD","volume":"26","author":"Phillips","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"key":"ref_250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1006\/jcph.1999.6201","article-title":"NAMD2: Greater Scalability for Parallel Molecular Dynamics","volume":"151","author":"Skeel","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"key":"ref_251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-4655(95)00042-E","article-title":"GROMACS: A message-passing parallel molecular dynamics implementation","volume":"91","author":"Berendsen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Comput. Phys. Commun."},{"key":"ref_252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1021\/ct9000685","article-title":"ACEMD: Accelerating Biomolecular Dynamics in the Microsecond Time Scale","volume":"5","author":"Harvey","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Chem. Theory Comput"},{"key":"ref_253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bowers, K.J., Chow, E., Xu, H., Dror, R.O., Eastwood, M.P., Gregersen, B.A., Klepeis, J.L., Kolossvary, I., Moraes, M.A., and Sacerdoti, F.D. (2006, January 11-17). Scalable Algorithms for Molecular Dynamics Simulations on Commodity Clusters. Proceedings of the 2006 ACM\/IEEE Conference on Supercomputing, New York, NY, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/SC.2006.54"},{"key":"ref_254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2017.04.006","article-title":"Effect of methane-sugar interaction on the solubility of methane in an aqueous solution","volume":"500","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.23353","article-title":"Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Amorphous Indomethacin-Poly(Vinylpyrrolidone) Glasses: Solubility and Hydrogen Bonding Interactions","volume":"102","author":"Xiang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2024.124656","article-title":"Unraveling the complexity of amorphous solid as direct ingredient for conventional oral solid dosage form: The story of Elagolix Sodium","volume":"665","author":"Ho","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alqahtani, M.S., Kazi, M., Alsenaidy, M.A., and Ahmad, M.Z. (2021). Advances in Oral Drug Delivery. Front. Pharmacol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.618411"},{"key":"ref_258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arav, Y. (2024). Advances in Modeling Approaches for Oral Drug Delivery: Artificial Intelligence, Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetics, and First-Principles Models. Pharmaceutics, 16.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202406.0471.v2"},{"key":"ref_259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arafat, M., Sarfraz, M., and AbuRuz, S. (2021). Development and In Vitro Evaluation of Controlled Release Viagra\u00ae Containing Poloxamer-188 Using Gastroplus\u2122 PBPK Modeling Software for In Vivo Predictions and Pharmacokinetic Assessments. Pharmaceuticals, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14050479"},{"key":"ref_260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arav, Y., and Zohar, A. (2023). Model-based optimization of controlled release formulation of levodopa for Parkinson\u2019s disease. Sci. Rep., 13.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-42878-5"},{"key":"ref_261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1039\/D4NH00007B","article-title":"Integrative studies of ionic liquid interface layers: Bridging experiments, theoretical models and simulations","volume":"9","author":"An","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nanoscale Horiz."},{"key":"ref_262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, K., Wei, C., Zheng, M., Huang, J., and Zhou, G. (2024). From Molecular Simulations to Experiments: The Recent Development of Room Temperature Ionic Liquid-Based Electrolytes in Electric Double-Layer Capacitors. Molecules, 29.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29061246"},{"key":"ref_263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1007\/s12551-023-01173-3","article-title":"Ionic liquids meet lipid bilayers: A state-of-the-art review","volume":"15","author":"Benedetto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biophys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8969","DOI":"10.1039\/C7SM01799E","article-title":"Effects of ionic liquids on the nanoscopic dynamics and phase behaviour of a phosphatidylcholine membrane","volume":"13","author":"Sharma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"key":"ref_265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15123","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201502333","article-title":"A Remarkably Simple Class of Imidazolium-Based Lipids and Their Biological Properties","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem.\u2014A Eur. J."},{"key":"ref_266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2024.103244","article-title":"Review of ionic liquid and ionogel-based biomaterials for advanced drug delivery","volume":"331","author":"Kuddushi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2021.115874","article-title":"Synergistic aggregation of the ibuprofenate anion and a a double-strand imidazolium cation into vesicles for drug delivery: A simulation study","volume":"332","author":"Ghatee","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"key":"ref_268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jain, A., Shakya, A.K., Prajapati, S.K., Eldesoqui, M., Mody, N., Jain, S.K., Naik, R.R., and Patil, U.K. (2024). An insight into pharmaceutical challenges with ionic liquids: Where do we stand in transdermal delivery?. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1454247"},{"key":"ref_269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2019.05.009","article-title":"Long-range forces and charge inversions in model charged colloidal dispersions at finite concentration","volume":"270","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1080\/17425247.2021.1967928","article-title":"Exploring space-energy matching via quantum-molecular mechanics modeling and breakage dynamics-energy dissipation via microhydrodynamic modeling to improve the screening efficiency of nanosuspension prepared by wet media milling","volume":"18","author":"Tian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref_271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdollahi, S., Raissi, H., and Farzad, F. (2024). Examine stability polyvinyl alcohol-stabilized nanosuspensions to overcome the challenge of poor drug solubility utilizing molecular dynamic simulation. Sci. Rep., 14.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-68362-2"},{"key":"ref_272","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2024.124284","article-title":"Low drug load, high retention mometasone furoate cream with polyglyceryl - 3 oleate as a chemical enhancer: Formulation development, in vivo and in vitro evaluation and molecular mechanisms","volume":"659","author":"Jia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmgm.2019.107500","article-title":"Investigating molecular mechanism for the stability of ternary systems containing cetrimide, fatty alcohol and water by using computer simulation","volume":"95","author":"Vu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mol. Graph. Model."},{"key":"ref_274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2016.11.061","article-title":"New hybrid CPU-GPU solver for CFD-DEM simulation of fluidized beds","volume":"316","author":"Norouzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apt.2018.08.025","article-title":"A co-located partitions strategy for parallel CFD-DEM couplings","volume":"29","author":"Pozzetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joshi, R.P., and Kumar, N. (2021). Artificial Intelligence for Autonomous Molecular Design: A Perspective. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26226761"},{"key":"ref_277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Luo, M., Wu, P., Wu, S., Lee, T.-Y., and Bai, C. (2022). Application of Computational Biology and Artificial Intelligence in Drug Design. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113568"},{"key":"ref_278","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boso, D.P., Di Mascolo, D., Santagiuliana, R., Decuzzi, P., and Schrefler, B.A. (2020). Drug delivery: Experiments, mathematical modelling and machine learning. Comput. Biol. Med., 123.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2020.103820"},{"key":"ref_279","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paglialunga, S., Benrimoh, N., and van Haarst, A. (2024). Innovative Approaches to Optimize Clinical Transporter Drug-Drug Interaction Studies. Pharmaceutics, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16080992"}],"container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4923\/16\/10\/1304\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:12:06Z","timestamp":1760112726000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4923\/16\/10\/1304"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]]},"references-count":279,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["pharmaceutics16101304"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics16101304","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4923"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4923","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]]}}}