{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:39:44Z","timestamp":1759970384537,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MCID","award":["PN 23 24 01 01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PN 23 24 01 01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardarine (C21H18F3NO3S2), better known by the popular name of GW501516, is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPR-\u03b4) agonist that presents potential use in the approach of cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. The capability of cardarine to exhibit new solid forms by recrystallization from a broad class of solvents was explored. A total of four new solid forms were obtained: a new polymorph of cardarine (C21H18F3NO3S2), the cardarine: 4,4\u2032-bipyridine cocrystal (C21H18F3NO3S2\u00b70.5C10H8N2), the cardarine methanol solvate (C21H18F3NO3S2\u00b7CH3OH), and the cardarine dimethylformamide solvate (C21H18F3NO3S2\u00b7C3H7NO). Moreover, two derivatives of cardarine were obtained, in the form of the mono-oxidized cardarine structure (C21H18F3NO4S2) and the dioxidized cardarine structure (C21H18F3NO5S2). The formation process was proven by the determination of their crystal structures using single crystal X-ray diffraction and followed by their lattice energies evaluation. Further investigations have been conducted by powder X-ray diffraction, DTA\/TGA thermal analysis, and FTIR spectroscopy. The stability and solubility were analyzed as well.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17020152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T05:49:54Z","timestamp":1737611394000},"page":"152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Novel Solid Forms of Cardarine\/GW501516 and Their Characterization by X-Ray Diffraction, Thermal, Computational, FTIR, and UV Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1920-9272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandru","family":"Turza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute For R&D of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1239-5172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Bosca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Chemistry, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4460-9654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marieta","family":"Muresan-Pop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes Bolyai University, 42 Treboniu Laurian, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liviu","family":"Mare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Chemistry, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gheorghe","family":"Borodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute For R&D of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0062-2427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Violeta","family":"Popescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Chemistry, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.5582\/ddt.2011.v5.4.176","article-title":"GW501516 acts as an efficient PPAR\u03b1 activator in the mouse liver","volume":"5","author":"Terada","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug Discov. 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